Early computer buses were parallel electrical wires with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus.

Early electrical models used a three-rail system with the wheels resting on a metal track with metal sleepers that conducted power and a middle rail which provided power to a skid under the locomotive.

Early fusion research devices were variants on the Z-pinch and used electrical current to generate a poloidal magnetic field to contain the plasma along a linear axis between two points.

Early on, Western Electric also managed a thriving electrical distribution business, furnishing its customers with non-telephone products made by other manufacturers.

Early attempts at producing electrical appliances using iron wiring were unsuccessful, because the wiring was easily melted and a serious fire hazard.

The article in question, by Richard Bremner, focused on the issue of the defective electrical connectors: " Early XMs could be relied upon to go wrong, but little else.

Early automobile generators and alternators had a mechanical voltage regulator using one, two, or three relays and various resistors to stabilize the generator's output at slightly more than 6 or 12 V, independent of the engine's rpm or the varying load on the vehicle's electrical system.

Early short-duration missions had their electrical power supplied by batteries ; later endurance missions used the first fuel cells in manned spacecraft.

* James M. Early, electrical engineer for whom the Early effect was named

Early in its lifetime, electrical interference problems caused by GWEN system operation began to surface.

Early telegraph systems used the first forms of electrical cabling, transmitting tiny amounts of power.

Early electric stoves were unsatisfactory due to the cost of electricity ( compared with wood, coal, or city gas ), limited power available from the electrical supply company, poor temperature regulation, and short life of heating elements.

Early models had an in-line electrical diesel heater, which invariably stopped working after a couple of years, but made no difference, unless used in very cold conditions, so it wasn't fitted on later UK models, the fuel passing over the thermostat housing to warm it up instead.

Early products included electrical components, power distribution equipment, cameras, projectors and military equipment.

Early alternating current ( AC ) fence chargers used a transformer and a mechanically-driven switch to generate the electrical pulses.

Early cars suffered from electrical problems possibly down to an over ambitious " intelligent " central electronics module that many owners had replaced under warranty-some many times!

Early cars also suffered from water leaks that probably were a contributory factor to the electrical problems.

Early caving enthusiasts, not yet having the advantage of light-weight electrical illumination, introduced the carbide lamp to their hobby.

Early construction problems-in particular, an open plan central area with protruding electrical outlets, and a bridge outside the front door on which students sometimes enjoyed hanging-occasionally caused ambulances to be called.

Early efforts to remote control substations used dedicated communication wires, often run along side power circuits.

Early personal computer games often needed a keyboard for gameplay, or more commonly, required the user to buy a separate joystick with at least one button .< ref >* Patrick Stack.

Cologne's Early Spring Exhibition was set up in a pub, and required that participants walk past urinals while being read lewd poetry by a woman in a communion dress.

Early programmers were required to test virtually each program step and cautioned not to expect that the resulting program would " do the right thing " when given imperfect input.

Early sheep farming required few high-standard roads, but the strong increase in dairy farming in the late 19th century created a strong demand for better links on which the more perishable goods could be transported to market or towards ports for export.

Early recommendations for the quantity of water required for maintenance of good health suggested that 6 – 8 glasses of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration.

Early experiments in color required extremely long exposures ( hours or days for camera images ) and could not " fix " the photograph to prevent the color from quickly fading when exposed to white light.

Early computers required specialist programmers, and stringent operating environmental control for temperature, cleanliness, and power quality.

Early portrayers of the character Sherlock Holmes, particularly William Gillette and Basil Rathbone, took advantage of this fact when it was required to portray Holmes smoking.

Early socialisation is required to prevent shyness in later life.

Early in the following year, the Princess suffered severe scalds to her feet in a bathroom accident, which affected her mobility to the extent she required support when walking and sometimes used a wheelchair.

Early DSL service required a dedicated dry loop, but when the U. S. Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) required ILECs to lease their lines to competing DSL service providers, shared-line DSL became available.

Early version players are guaranteed to play later version ATRAC audio because, as stated, there is no processing required for replay.

Aluminum plants required huge amounts of electricity, and to provide the power, TVA engaged in one of the largest hydropower construction programs ever undertaken in the U. S. Early in 1942, when the effort reached its peak, 12 hydroelectric plants and one steam plant were under construction at the same time, and design and construction employment reached a total of 28, 000.

Early machines required attaching an external dynamic microphone.

Whereas he had been required to undertake much fieldwork and excavation whilst at Edinburgh, at the Institute his position as Director meant that this was not necessary, although he did undertake one excavation at Maes Howe, a Neolithic burial tomb plundered by Early Medieaval Norse raiders, during 1954 – 55.

Early experiments required hours of exposure in the camera to produce visible results.

Early teletext sets used wired remote controls to select pages, but the continuous use of the remote control required for teletext quickly indicated the need for a wireless device.

< div align =" center "> The Most Famous Image in the Early History of Computing </ div > This portrait of Jacquard was woven in silk on a Jacquard loom and required 24, 000 punched cards to create ( 1839 ).

Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure ; many could not be moved at all.

Early poppet-valve systems required decarbonization at very low mileages.

Early in his career he was required to restrain himself when he worked as accompanist for vocalist Adelaide Hall in 1932-33.

Early flumes were square chutes that were prone to jams that could cause damage and required constant maintenance.

Early varicap diodes usually required a reverse voltage range from 0-33v to obtain maximum change in capacitance which was quite small, from 1-10pF or so.

Early in 1922, O ' Donnell received league permission to suspend operations for a year, but when he could not post the $ 1, 000 annual guarantee the NFL required, his franchise was canceled.