Early phylogenetic tree by Ernst Haeckel | Haeckel, 1866

Early representations of branching phylogenetic trees include a " Paleontological chart " showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock ( first edition: 1840 ). phylogeny deals with relation of convergence and diversion

He has also collaborated with geneticists in seeking to correlate linguistic with genetic findings ( e. g., Sarah A. Tishkoff, Floyd A. Reed, F. R. Friedlaender, Christopher Ehret, Alessia Ranciaro, et al., “ The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans ,” Science 324, 22 May 2009 ) and in developing mathematical tools for dating linguistic history ( e. g., Andrew Kitchen, Christopher Ehret, Shiferew Assefa, and Connie Mulligan, " Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East ," Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, July 2009 ).

Early analyses recorded two parts of the stone, an earthy part, and a malleable part.

His articles, Counting Guns in Early America and Fall from Grace, both of which involve detailed analyses of the physical culture of early America as revealed in probate records, are among the most downloaded law review articles ever published.

Still, many textbooks of the Early Middle Ages supported the sphericity of the Earth.

Early on he supported the nationalist rhetoric and the war effort, though with some hesitation as he viewed the war as a necessity to fulfill German duty as a leading state power.

Early units supported only 248 kB of memory.

A château is supported by its terres ( lands ), composing a demesne that renders the society of the château largely self-sufficient, in the manner of the historic Roman and Early Mediæval villa system, ( cf.

Early August polls showed that over 50 % supported the recall.

Many of the citizens of Stockbridge and Henry County were shocked, surprised, and outraged by the apparent abuse of eminent domain by the city. Early in 2006, a protest was organized by the NAACP and supported by the Republican and Libertarian parties from the county.

Early Quadras only supported the 20 MHz rate when two cards were talking to each other, since the motherboard controller was not upgraded.

In the Early Iron Age ( 6th-12th century ) the population began to grow and people supported themselves on farming, hunting, fishing and livestock.

Early Zelienople commerce supported the local agriculture community, as there was no viable means of transportation.

Early BASIC only supported single letter and digit names, but Microsoft BASIC supported long variable names.

Early videogame consoles such as the Atari Video Computer System / VCS / 2600 supported both black-and-white and color modes via a switch, as did some of the early home computers ; this was to accommodate black-and-white TV sets which would display a color signal poorly.

Early on April 27, the first American wave of boats, carrying Major Benjamin Forsyth's company of the U. S. 1st Rifle Regiment, landed about west of the town, supported by some of Chauncey's schooners firing grapeshot.

Early in 1807 he fell ill with fever, and at the Battle of Eylau on 7 February 1807, he had to be supported on his horse.

Early financial support for the field came from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. who supported progressive labor-management relations in the aftermath of the bloody strike at a Rockefeller-owned coal mine in Colorado.

Early in his presidency, Abraham Lincoln tried repeatedly to arrange resettlement of the kind the ACS supported, but each arrangement failed ; see Abraham Lincoln on slavery.

Early railways ( c. 1840s ) experimented with continuous bearing railtrack, in which the rail was supported along its length, with examples including Brunel's Baulk road on the Great Western Railway, as well as use on the Newcastle and North Shields Railway, on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to a design by John Hawkshaw, and elsewhere.

He also supported charities ; at one time or another, he was the president of five London hospitals, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, the Gardeners ' Royal Beneficent Association, the Hampstead Heath Protection Society, the Early Closing Association, the United Committee for the Demoralization of Native Races by the Liquor Traffic, and the Royal Agricultural Society.

Early versions of the PowerPC Macintosh also supported XCOFF, as did BeOS.

The earliest phase of construction dates to the Early Classic and consisted of a low platform that supported a perishable superstructure.

* Apple Macintosh: Early Mac OS supported system extensions known generally as FKEYS which could be installed in the System file and could be accessed with a Command-Shift -( number ) keystroke combination ( Command-Shift-3 was the screen capture function included with the system, and was installed as an FKEY ); however, early Macintosh keyboards did not support numbered function keys in the normal sense.

Early during Mahathir's tenure as prime minister, a bitter dispute erupted within the ruling UMNO party and it was divided into two camps, which were colloquially known as ' Team A ' comprising Mahathir loyalists, and ' Team B ', which supported former Minister of Finance Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah and former Deputy Prime Minister Musa Hitam.

Early in September 1547, he led a well-equipped army into Scotland, supported by a large fleet.

He supported an Early Day Motion that would prevent Royal Bank of Scotland from reviewing their loan with Liverpool FC potentially forcing the existing owners to sell the club.

Primarily known for her work in Egyptology, which was " the core of her academic career ," she is also known for her propagation of the Witch-cult hypothesis, the theory that the witch trials in the Early Modern period of Christianized Europe and North America were an attempt to extinguish a surviving pre-Christian, pagan religion devoted to a Horned God.

Early critics of the marsh gas hypothesis often dismissed it on various grounds including the unlikeliness of spontaneous combustion, the absence of warmth in some observed ignes fatui, the odd behavior of ignes fatui receding upon being approached, as well as the differing accounts of ball lightning ( which was also classified as a kind of ignes fatui ).

However the hypothesis was not always accepted, see 1904 paper by A. Shand on The Early History of the Morioris.

Genetic studies have confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the ancestor of the Asian arowanas diverged from the ancestor of the Australian arowanas, S. jardinii and S. leichardti, about 140 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous period.

* Phantom time hypothesis, a proposed theory that a calendar change explains the lack of archaeology coinciding with the Early Middle Ages

* Walter Bauer ( 1877-1960 ): redefined the parameters of orthodoxy and heresy with his multiregional hypothesis for the origins of Early Christianity.

Early research resulted in the hypothesis that Pfiesteria acts as an " ambush predator " and utilizes a " hit and run " feeding strategy by releasing a toxin that paralyzes the respiratory systems of susceptible fish, such as menhaden, thus causing death by suffocation.

Early citations of the extraterrestrial hypothesis, all from 1897, include the Washington Times, which speculated that the airships were " a reconnoitering party from Mars "; and the Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, which suggested of the airships, " these may be visitors from Mars, fearful, at the last, of invading the planet they have been seeking.

Early speculation and hypothesis pertaining to what is now known as meteorology had a long tradition in China before Shen Kuo.

Early psychical researchers and some investigators associated with the Society for Psychical Research rejected the spirit hypothesis and claimed that where there was no sign of fraud then there has to be a psychological explanation due to the medium's subconscious such as an alternate personality.

The hypothesis has existed since the days of Early Christianity ; it is discussed in the Gospel of Matthew, generally agreed to have been written between AD 70 and 100.

Pinguinus alfrednewtoni was a larger and also flightless member of the genus Pinguinus that lived during the Early Pliocene.

Apart from this enigmatic bird, the fossil record of the Ostriches continues with several species of the modern genus Struthio which are known from the Early Miocene onwards.

The genus Gerandia has been described from Early Miocene deposits of France, but while it was long believed to be a pigeon it is more likely a sandgrouse.

Colymboides, the oldest unequivocal gaviiform genus known as of 2009, is widely known from early Priabonian – about 37 million years ago ( Ma ) in the Late Eocene – to Early Miocene ( late Burdigalian, less than 20 Ma ) limnic and marine rocks of western Eurasia north of the Alpide belt, between the Atlantic and the former Turgai Sea.

The genus is known from the Early Miocene onwards, and the oldest members them are rather small ( some are smaller than the Red-throated Diver ).

The Early Cretaceous ( Berriasian, around 143 mya ) genus Eurolimnornis from NW Romania was initially believed to be a grebe.

Pseudaelurus stouti ( originally described as Lynx stouti ) also from the Early and Late Barstovian was a very small and slender from of the genus.

Acheronodon is a genus of herbivorous arboreal mammal which belongs to the family Microcosmodontidae and which was endemic to North America during the Early Paleocene subepoch ( 65 — 56. 8 mya ) and in existence for approximately.

However, modern procellariid genera began to appear possibly just as early as the proposed splitting of the family, with a Rupelian ( Early Oligocene ) fossil from Belgium tentatively attributed to the shearwater genus Puffinus,

While many species have been classified in the genus Iguanodon, dating from the late Jurassic Period to the late Cretaceous Period of Asia, Europe, and North America, research in the first decade of the 21st century suggests that there is only one well-substantiated species: I. bernissartensis, which lived from the late Barremian to the earliest Aptian ages ( Early Cretaceous ) in Belgium and possibly elsewhere in Europe, between about 126 and 125 million years ago.

* Early blight of potato and tomato, caused by species of the ubiquitous fungal genus Alternaria

More likely, they are an extinct species of Tadorna ( if not a distinct genus ) due to their Early Pliocene age ; the present species is not unequivocally attested from the fossil record until some 2-3 million years later ( Late Pliocene / Early Pleistocene ).

Hoazinavis is an extinct genus of early hoatzin from Late Oligocene and Early Miocene ( about 24 – 22 mya ) deposits of Brazil.

A genus of Early Cretaceous birds has been named Jinzhouornis in honor of the locality, but it appears to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis which was found in the same formation some years earlier.

The genus Egernia proper, as well as the other lineages, appear to be of Miocene — probably Early Miocene — origin, meaning they radiated at least 15, maybe 20 million years ago ( mya ).

The oldest fossils are from the Early Oligocene, more than 30 mya ( million years ago ), but the genus probably persisted at least until the mid-Miocene, some 15 mya.

The enigmatic genus Anatalavis ( Hornerstown Late Cretaceous or Early Paleocene of New Jersey, USA-London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England ) is sometimes considered to be the earliest known anseranatid.

The enigmatic genus Anatalavis ( Hornerstown Late Cretaceous or Early Paleocene of New Jersey, USA-London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England ) is sometimes considered to be the earliest known anseranatid.

Paleontological evidence in the fossil record dates the genus Dicerorhinus to the Early Miocene, 23 – 16 million years ago.

Dimetrodon (; meaning " two measures of teeth ") is an extinct genus of synapsid that lived during the Early Permian, around 299 – 270 million years ago ( Ma ).

Hamites (" hook-like ") is a genus of heteromorph ammonite that evolved late in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous and lasted into the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous.