The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve is the name of his results which he plotted out and made 2 conclusions.

Ebbinghaus hypothesized that the speed of forgetting depends on a number of factors such as the difficulty of the learned material ( e. g. how meaningful it is ), its representation and physiological factors such as stress and sleep.

Hermann Ebbinghaus ( January 24, 1850 — February 26, 1909 ) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect.

The second list was generally memorized faster, and this difference between the two learning curves is what Ebbinghaus called “ savings ”.

Ebbinghaus is also largely credited with drafting the first standard research report.

In addition to pioneering experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus was also a strong defender of this direction of the new science, as is illustrated by his public dispute with University of Berlin colleague, Wilhelm Dilthey.

Amongst his counterarguments against Dilthey he mentioned that it is inevitable for psychology to do hypothetical work and that the kind of psychology that Dilthey was attacking was the one that existed before Ebbinghaus ’ s “ experimental revolution ”.

It is said that the meticulous mathematical procedures impressed Ebbinghaus so much that he wanted to do for psychology what Fechner had done for psychophysics.

This inspiration is also evident in that Ebbinghaus dedicated his second work Principles of Psychology to Fechner, signing it “ I owe everything to you ”

is: Hermann Ebbinghaus

While the above is nowadays standard terminology in " infinite " model theory, the slightly different earlier definitions are still in use in finite model theory, where an elementary class may be called a Δ-elementary class, and the terms elementary class and first-order axiomatizable class are reserved for basic elementary classes ( Ebbinghaus et al.

Ebbinghaus had also documented the serial position effect, which describes how the position of an item affects recall.

Ebbinghaus also described the difference between involuntary and voluntary memory, the former occurring “ with apparent spontaneity and without any act of the will ” and the latter being brought “ into consciousness by an exertion of the will ”.

Ebbinghaus can also be credited with pioneering sentence completion exercises, which he developed in studying the abilities of schoolchildren.

Many had seen Dilthey ’ s work as an outright attack on experimental psychology, Ebbinghaus included, and he responded to Dilthey with a personal letter and also a long scathing public article.

Some contemporary texts still describe Ebbinghaus as a philosopher rather than a psychologist and he had also spent his life as a professor of philosophy.

They are also used in experiments in cognitive psychology ; examples from this context are the nonsense syllables introduced by Hermann Ebbinghaus, or the use of non-words that mimic the structure of real words in experiments in psycholinguistics.

After eliminating the meaning-laden syllables, Ebbinghaus ended up with 2, 300 resultant syllables.

It appears that Ebbinghaus recognized this, and only referred to the strings of syllables as “ nonsense ” in that the syllables might less likely have a specific meaning and that no attempt to make associations with them for easier retrieval.

This dichotomy between descriptive and experimental study of memory would resonate later in Ebbinghaus ’ s life, particularly in his public argument with former colleague Wilhelm Dilthey.

However, more than a century before Ebbinghaus, Johann Andreas Segner invented the “ Segner-wheel ” to see the length of after-images by seeing how fast a wheel with a hot coal attached had to move for the red ember circle from the coal to appear complete.

With very few works published on memory in the previous two millennia, Ebbinghaus ’ s works spurred memory research in the United States in the 1890s, with 32 papers published in 1894 alone.

From 1891 on, together with the psychologist H. Ebbinghaus, he edited the journal Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane.

Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus ( a pioneer in the study of memory ), William James ( the American father of pragmatism ), and Ivan Pavlov ( who developed the procedures associated with classical conditioning ).

Other recent research suggests that an individual's receptivity to this illusion, as well as the Ebbinghaus illusion, may be inversely correlated with the size of that individual's primary visual cortex.

The use and memorization of both nonsense and meaningful alphanumeric material has had a long history in psychology beginning with Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Although Bataillon Ebbinghaus was disbanded at the end of the Polish campaign, they had performed well enough to be reconstituted, under their old Lehr und Bau Kompagnie codename, as a regiment in time to serve with distinction in the 1940 campaign in France and the low countries.

As a result of this, Ebbinghaus left to join the University of Breslau ( now Wrocław, Poland ), in a chair left open by Theodor Lipps ( who took over Stumpf's position when he moved to Berlin ).

This clarity and organization of this format was so impressive to contemporaries that it has now become standard in the discipline and all research reports follow the same standards laid out by Ebbinghaus.

Unlike notable contemporaries like Titchener and James, Ebbinghaus did not promote any specific school of psychology nor was he known for extensive lifetime research, having only done three works.

In psychology, the best known self-experiments are the memory studies of Hermann Ebbinghaus, establishing many basic characteristics of human memory through tedious experiments involving nonsense syllables.

Ebbinghaus studied the memorisation of nonsense syllables, such as " WID " and " ZOF " by repeatedly testing himself after various time periods and recording the results.

Shortly after this publication, on February 26, 1909, Ebbinghaus developed pneumonia and died, at the young age of 60.

Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind.

Zermelo's further work on the foundations of set theory after Skolem's paper led to his discovery of the cumulative hierarchy and formalization of infinitary logic ( van Dalen and Ebbinghaus, 2000, note 11 ).

Ebbinghaus would memorize a list of items until perfect recall and then would not access the list until he could no longer recall any of its items.

In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus ( 1850 — 1909 ) continued the study of learning.

Ebbinghaus was determined to show that higher mental processes could actually be studied using experimentation, which was in opposition in the popular held thought of the time.

To control for most potentially confounding variables, Ebbinghaus wanted to use simple acoustic encoding and maintenance rehearsal for which a list of words could have been used.

Von Hartmann ’ s work, on which Ebbinghaus based his doctorate, did suggest that higher mental processes were hidden from view, which may have spurred Ebbinghaus to attempt to prove otherwise.

The one influence that has always been cited as having inspired Ebbinghaus was Fechner's Elements of Psychophysics, a book which he purchased second-hand in England.

After achieving impressive early results in their training exercises, the company was expanded into a battalion, which was code named Ebbinghaus.