Ecological selection ( or environmental selection or survival selection or individual selection or asexual selection ) refers to natural selection minus sexual selection, i. e. strictly ecological processes that operate on a species ' inherited traits without reference to mating or secondary sex characteristics.

Ecological selection can be said to be taking place in any circumstance where inheritance of specific traits is determined by ecology alone without direct sexual competition, when e. g. sexual competition is strictly ecological or economic, there is little or no mate choice, females do not resist any male who wishes to mate, all traits will be equally propagated regardless of mating, or the species is hermaphroditic or asexually reproducing, an ecological selection is taking place.

* Conway, Courtney Joseph, Ph. D., ( 1998 ) Ecological and physiological constraints on avian incubation behavior and nest-site selection.

During his first four years in office, Notre Dame has made significant progress toward its research goal, including selection as the lead university partner in the Midwest Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery ; the creation of Innovation Park, a tech park located adjacent to the campus ; the distribution of $ 40 million in internal funds for five major faculty research initiatives ( with another $ 40 million designated for five more projects ); designation of the University ’ s Environmental Research Center in Wisconsin as a National Ecological Observatory Network by the National Science Foundation ; and the construction of Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering, a facility housing a nanotechnology research center, the University ’ s new Energy Center, a semiconductor processing and device fabrication clean room, and an undergraduate interdisciplinary learning center.

* Ecological Design any aspect of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with natural processes and sustainability

In 2003, a conservative Texas legislative reform group, the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ), proposed the " Animal and Ecological Terrorism Act " which defined an " animal rights or ecological terrorist organization " as " two or more persons organized for the purpose of supporting any politically motivated activity intended to obstruct or deter any person from participating in an activity involving animals or an activity involving natural resources.

Julio C. Tello ( 1880 to 1947 ), the " father " of Peruvian archaeology, conducted archaeological digs around the Paracas area in 1927 and 1928 as a result of learning that tomb robbers had found large caches of funerary materials, including highly prized textiles, as well as ceramics and ceremonial offerings at a site called Cerro Colorado, which is now a protected area inside the Paracas Ecological Reserve.

Ecological Extension is roughly the same classification of Smith ’ s eco-holism, and it argues for the intrinsic value inherent in collective ecological entities like ecosystems or the global environment as a whole entity.

In sociology and later criminology, the Chicago School ( sometimes described as the Ecological School ) was the first major body of works emerging during the 1920s and 1930s specialising in urban sociology, and the research into the urban environment by combining theory and ethnographic fieldwork in Chicago, now applied elsewhere.

* Ecological footprint, the measure of the demand the population has on the environment

In his classic work " Ecological Psychology " ( 1968 ) he argued that human behaviour was radically situated: in other words, you couldn't make predictions about human behaviour unless you know what situation or context or environment the human in question was in.

of the Ecological Research Unit of the University of Helsinki, Finland, although Allen's rule was originally formulated for endotherms, it can be applied to ectotherms which derive body temperature from the environment.

In his book Ecological Psychology Barker stresses the importance of the town ’ s behavior and environment as the residents ’ most ordinary instrument of describing their environment.

Ecological landscapes have been portrayed as an environment, not a society.

" Ecological units " exist at the interface between the ecological environment and certain practice of molar behavior.

* Ecological Psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior, Barker, R. G. ( 1968 ), Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA

Ecological anthropology studies how humans interact with our environment and vice versus.

The inner environment of the child is conspicuously missing from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory and perhaps illustrates the point that Bronfenbrenner's work focuses not directly on the child but on how aspects of the much broader macrosystem directly impinge on what Comer calls the primary social network of the child.

Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis ( Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis ( Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis ) or STEER analysis involving Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors and EPISTELS ( Environment, Political, Informative, Social, Technological, Economic, Legal and Spiritual ).

Ecological catastrophic events from human-made embankments have been noticed along the Yangtze River floodplains after the where the middle of the river has become prone to more frequent and damaging flooding including the loss of riparian vegetation, a 30 % loss of the vegetation cover throughout the river ’ s basin, a doubling of the percentage of the land affected by soil erosion, and a reduction in reservoir capacity through siltation build-up in floodplain lakes.

A large number of standards now exist in this area including Ecological Footprint, eco-labels, and the United Nations International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives approach to triple bottom line using the ecoBudget metric.

Most of the municipality ’ s forest and wildlife is found in a number of reserves including the Centro Ecological Recreativo El Zapotal, the Cerro Maxtumatzá State Reserve, the Vedada Villa Allende Protected Forest Zone and the Sumidero Canyon National Park.

Wiley-Blackwell also publishes journals on behalf of more than 700 professional and scholarly society partners including the New York Academy of Sciences, American Cancer Society, The Physiological Society, British Ecological Society, American Association of Anatomists, and The London School of Economics and Political Science, making it the world ’ s largest society publisher.

including Life Sciences, Ecological Sciences and Social Sciences.

* Stave Hill ( including Ecological Park )

It is 130 kilometres from the capital city, St. John's, and is within easy distance of the scenic Cape Shore ( including the Cape St. Mary's Ecological Reserve ), the Irish Loop and St. Mary's Bay, Conception Bay, and the inner reaches of Placentia Bay.

She states that, “ Ecological anthropology will refer to one particular type of research in environmental anthropology – field studies that describe a single ecosystem including a human population ”.

He has been a featured speaker in numerous symposiums at major institutions and conferences including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the Midwest College Association, the U. N. Ecological Conference in San Paulo, Brazil, and the Berlin Ecology Conference.

His early research work is evident in several of his key books including, Designing with Nature ( McGraw-Hill, 1995 ) ( see above ), The Skyscraper, Bioclimatically Considered: A Design Primer ( John Wiley & Sons, 1997 ), The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive Buildings ( Prestel, 1999 ), Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design ( John Wiley & Sons, 2006 ), Eco-Masterplanning ( John Wiley & Sons, 2009 ), Eco Design Dictionary ( an Illustrated Reference with co-author Lillian Woo ( Taylor and Francis, 2009 )).

The list comprised candidates from other parties including the Anticlerical Progress Party REASON ( RACJA ), Communist Party of Poland, Polish Ecological Party-Greens and Polish Socialist Party.

The government ’ s decision to hand over control over several important procedures, including state EIA in the field of all types of energy projects, to the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Control had caused a major controversy and criticism from environmental groups that blamed the government for giving nuclear power industry control over the state EIA.

The relations between Croatia and Italy have been largely cordial and friendly, although occasional incidents do arise on issues such as the Istrian exodus or the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone.

Many theoretical perspectives attempt to explain development ; among the most prominent are: Jean Piaget's Stage Theory, Lev Vygotsky's Social constructivism ( and its heirs, the Cultural Theory of Development of Michael Cole, and the Ecological Systems Theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner ), Albert Bandura's Social learning theory, and the information processing framework employed by cognitive psychology.

An increasing number of economists have called for increased emphasis on environmental sustainability ; this area of research is known as Ecological economics.

Ecological relationships regulate the flux of energy, nutrients, and climate all the way up to the planetary scale.

Ecological theory has also been used to explain self-emergent regulatory phenomena at the planetary scale: for example, the Gaia hypothesis is an example of holism applied in ecological theory.

Ecological theory suggests that in order to coexist, species must have some level of limiting similarity — they must be different from one another in some fundamental way, otherwise one species would competitively exclude the other.

* Level B: Consistent Retrospective Cohort, Exploratory Cohort, Ecological Study, Outcomes Research, case-control study ; or extrapolations from level A studies.

Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms races: Why humans evolved extraordinary intelligence.

In recent decades, NASA has done extensive hydroponic research for their Controlled Ecological Life Support System or CELSS.

This could be reason enough to ensure work is done on both denominations, as preserving extant genetic diversity is of crucial Ecological importance.

Climate, ecology and geology of the Lower Mainland are consistent enough that it has been classified as a separate ecoregion ( the Lower Mainland Ecoregion ) within the Ecological framework of Canada, used by both Federal and Provincial Environment Ministries.

According to the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions by the European Environment Agency, Macedonia's territory can be subdivided into four ecoregions: the Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodopes mixed forests and Aegean sclerophyllous and mixed forests.

Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild.

* Tim Flannery ( 1994 ), The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People, pages 67 – 75.

The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, New York: W. W. Norton, 1999.

Ecological and political instability provided the background for the jihad of Usman dan Fodio.

Forests of Puerto Rico are well represented by the flora of the Luquillo Experimental Forest ( LEF ), a Long Term Ecological Research Network site managed by the United States Forest Service and University of Puerto Rico.

* Ecological paradigm: A group of individuals of the same species that co-occur in space and time and have an opportunity to interact with each other.

Parks and protected areas around the bay include Eden Landing Ecological Reserve, Hayward Regional Shoreline, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center, Crown Memorial State Beach, Eastshore State Park, Point Isabel Regional Shoreline, Brooks Island Regional Shoreline, and César Chávez Park.

Although, the most important disputed issue with Croatia is Slovenian and Italian opposition to the proclamation of the Croatian Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone ( Exclusive Economic Zone ) in the Adriatic sea.