Economic mismanagement, poor infrastructure, a limited tax base, scarce private investment, and adverse external conditions have led to deficits in both its budget and external trade.

Economic theory may also specify conditions such that supply and demand through the market is an efficient mechanism for allocating resources.

Economic conditions deteriorated further in early 1983 when Nigeria expelled an estimated 1 million Ghanaians who had to be absorbed by Ghana.

Economic conditions worsened when Hurricane Ivan hit the country in September 2004 ; progress in fiscal consolidation was impeded as government revenues fell and policy priority was shifted to post-hurricane relief.

Economic conditions deteriorated however, and Labor was confident of winning the 1954 election.

Economic norms theory links economic conditions with institutions of governance and conflict, distinguishing personal clientelist economies from impersonal market-oriented ones, identifying the latter with permanent peace within and between nations.

Economic conditions during the 1970s were becoming more difficult for the UK and many other western economies as a result of the ending of the Bretton Woods Agreement and the 1973 oil shock, and the Heath government in its turn was buffeted by economic adversity and industrial unrest ( notably including confrontation with the coalminers which led to the Three-day week ) towards the end of 1973, and on 7 February 1974 ( with the crisis still ongoing ) Heath called a snap election for 28 February.

The federal government ran a 7. 1 % budget deficit in 1992 at the time of the EU's Treaty of Maastricht, which established conditions for Economic and Monetary Union ( EMU ) that led to adoption of the common Euro currency on January 1, 2002.

Economic conditions in the 1620s could have been a contributory factor to the delay in rebuilding.

Economic conditions in Detroit generally trended sideways or downward over the period of Mayor Young's political tenure, with the unemployment rate trending from approximately 9 % in 1971 to approximately 11 % in 1993, when Young retired.

Economic conditions are reported to have improved in the Hazarajat during the war, when Pashtun Kuchis stopped grazing their flocks in Hazara pastures and fields.

In 1993 Akerlof and Paul Romer brought forth Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit, describing how under certain conditions, owners of corporations will decide it is more profitable for them personally to ' loot ' the company and ' extract value ' from it instead of trying to make it grow and prosper.

Economic and technological conditions of our age have given rise to a decentralized, media-dominated society in which ideas are only simulacra, inter-referential representations and copies of each other with no real, original, stable or objective source of communication and meaning.

Economic and social conditions for women in Russia are a motivational factor in finding foreign arrangements.

Economic conditions remained tenuous, however, and food and health irregularities was rampant causing difficulties that continued to be endemic.

Because of wartime conditions and his commitment publishing in French this work was undertaken in isolation from that of von Neumann and Morgenstern whose Theory of Games and Economic Behavior included the development of expected utility theory.

Economic conditions worsened after the stock market crash of 1929 making it seem increasingly likely that the Liberals would return to power in the next election.

Economic conditions getting worse.

Economic and cultural reasons had unquestionably exercised a great influence in the rapid molding of a new form of political life which was more adapted to conditions that had arisen since the change from nomadic pursuits to settled agriculture.

* Economic, social and cultural rights, related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, education, health care, and gainful employment.

In 1894 he also published his first major book, Kriticheskie zametki k voprosu ob ekonomicheskom razvitii Rossii ( Critical Notes on the Economic Development of Russia ) in which he defended the applicability of Marxism to Russian conditions against populist critics.

Economic ' trust games ' are popularly used to empirically quantify trust in relationships under laboratory conditions.

Economic crises struck the state like everywhere in Mexico, but again came remarkable economic growth in the 1990s brought on by North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA has improved living conditions.

* Economic and social conditions.

I point now with pride to the fact that, long ere the Committee on Un-American Activities, the Minute Women, the Economic Council and other such notable `` watchdog '' organizations were so much as heard of, I was Hollywood's leading bulwark against communism, fighting single-handedly `` creeping socialism '' against such insuperable odds as the Fascio-Communist troops of the NRA, PWA, WPA, CCC and an army of more than twenty-two million mercenaries whom F.D.R. employed secretly, through the transparent ruse of regular `` relief '' checks.

Through the Internet, a movement began to develop in opposition to the doctrines of neoliberalism which were widely manifested in the 1990s when the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) proposed liberalisation of cross-border investment and trade restrictions through its Multilateral Agreement on Investment ( MAI ).

Listed bonds were partly issued by companies and partly by governments of the West African Monetary and Economic Union ( UEMOA ).

Two supplementary meetings were also held during this period: a Commonwealth Statesmen's meeting to discuss peace terms in April 1945, and a Commonwealth Economic Conference in 1952.

Ludwig von Mises argued in Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth that the pricing systems in socialist economies were necessarily deficient because if a public entity owned all the means of production no rational prices could be obtained for capital goods as they were merely internal transfers of goods and not " objects of exchange ," unlike final goods.

** Economic Reform, 1991 – 2007, reform policies were introduced to meet the terms of international institutions, lenders and donors, including wider incentives to the role of the private sector in all economic activities.

The EFTA was established on 3 May 1960 as a trade bloc-alternative for European states who were either unable or unwilling to join the then-European Economic Community ( EEC ) which has now become the EU.

Economic reforms were addressed to liberalization of economy and provision of sustainable economic growth, based on the private sector development.

The neutral countries of Austria, Finland and Sweden acceded to the EU, and those that didn't join were tied into the EU's economic market via the European Economic Area.

The primary reforms centered around the Emergency Economic Recovery Plan ( EERP ) and were followed by budget reforms.

During these years policies were put in place which led to the rapid transformation of Malaysia ’ s economy and society, such as the controversial New Economic Policy, which was intended to increase proportionally the share of the economic " pie " of the bumiputras (" indigenous people ", which includes the majority Malays, but not always the indigenous population ) as compared to other ethnic groups — was launched by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak.

All these aims formed the core of the " Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy " resolution drafted by Nehru in 1929-31 and were ratified by the All India Congress Committee under Gandhi's leadership.

After considerable progress in negotiations conducted by the United States, United Nations, Organization of African Unity, and the Economic Community of West African States, disarmament and demobilization of warring factions were hastily carried out and special elections were held on 19 July 1997 with Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic Party emerging victorious.

The Government's New Economic Policy ( NEP ) and the National Development Policy ( NDP ) which superseded it, were implemented to advance the standing of Bumiputera Malaysians.

His lectures from that period were collected into major works, such as the General Economic History, Science as a Vocation and Politics as a Vocation.

Economic relations were distinguished by the reducciones ( reductions or townships ) that were established by Jesuit missionaries from the early seventeenth century until the 1760s.

Economic resources were employed in and destroyed by the war effort.

Economic reforms were fostered through the development of " Special Economic Zones ", designed for export and to attract foreign investment, municipally managed Township and Village Enterprises and a " dual pricing " system leading to the steady phasing out of state-dictated prices.

" On July 26, 1793, the death penalty was instituted for hoarders of grain and other ' blood-suckers ', including currency speculators ", writes Dr. Miguel Faria, who dubbed this phase the " Economic Terror " of the French Revolution: " The armées révolutionnaires were empowered to search around the towns and countryside, ransacking houses, barns and warehouses, looking for stored grain.

Economic reforms were stepped up, including the liberalization of exchange controls.