An interpretation ( i. e. a semantic explanation of the formal mathematics of quantum mechanics ) can be characterized by its treatment of certain matters addressed by Einstein, such as:

With sufficiently clever assumptions of this sort, it is often possible to reduce the Einstein field equation to a much simpler system of equations, even a single partial differential equation ( as happens in the case of stationary axisymmetric vacuum solutions, which are characterized by the Ernst equation ) or a system of ordinary differential equations ( as happens in the case of the Schwarzschild vacuum ).

Einstein was characterized as " the relativity Jew, who masks his hatred of Germany behind his obscure pseudo-sciences ".

The play depicted an imagined meeting between Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein at the Lapin Agile.

Einstein asks what makes each electron's wave front " collapse " at its respective location.

Before the present general relativistic cosmological model was developed, Albert Einstein proposed a way to dynamically stabilize a cosmological scenario that would necessarily collapse in on itself due to the gravitational attraction of the matter constituents in the universe.

More generally, if the manifold is an Einstein manifold ( Ricci = constant × metric ), then Ricci flow will collapse it to a point if it has positive curvature, leave it invariant if it has zero curvature, and expand it if it has negative curvature.

As a class of models with different values of the Hubble constant, the static universe that Einstein developed, and for which he invented the cosmological constant, can be considered a special case of the de Sitter universe where the expansion is finely tuned to just cancel out the collapse associated with the positive curvature associated with a non-zero matter density.

For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a big bang and ending with a big crunch ; in the interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce.

In theoretical physics, when Einstein originally tried to produce a general theory of relativity, he found that the theory seemed to predict the gravitational collapse of the universe: it seemed that the universe should either be expanding or collapsing, and to produce a model in which the universe was static and stable ( which seemed to Einstein at the time to be the " proper " result ), he introduced an expansionist variable ( called the Cosmological Constant ), whose sole purpose was to cancel out the cumulative effects of gravitation.

While investigating the motion of test particles in these solutions, Einstein and Rosen became convinced that gravitational waves were unstable to collapse.

Einstein believed these plane waves would gravitationally collapse into points ; he had long hoped something like this would explain quantum mechanical wave-particle duality.

In 1927 Georges Lemaître showed that static solutions of the Einstein equations, which are possible in the presence of the cosmological constant, are unstable, and therefore the static universe envisioned by Einstein could not exist.

Peter R. Holland has pointed out that, in 1927, Einstein had submitted a preprint with a related proposal but, not convinced, had withdrawn it before publication.

When introduced in 1927, the philosophical implications of the new quantum theory were troubling to many prominent physicists of the day, including Albert Einstein.

* 1927 — Georges Lemaître discusses the creation event of an expanding universe governed by the Einstein field equations.

Shortly after making his famous " God does not play dice " comment, Einstein attempted to formulate a deterministic counterproposal to quantum mechanics, presenting a paper at a meeting of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, on 5 May 1927, titled " Bestimmt Schrödinger's Wellenmechanik die Bewegung eines Systems vollstandig oder nur im Sinne der Statistik?

* Einstein, A., L. Szilárd, " Refrigeration " ( Appl: 16 December 1927 ; Priority: Germany, 16 December 1926 ), 11 November 1930.

The first serious attack by Einstein on the " orthodox " conception took place during the Fifth Solvay International Conference on Electrons and Photons in 1927.

Robert Plutchik ( 21 October 1927 – 29 April 2006 ) was professor emeritus at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and adjunct professor at the University of South Florida.

Bohr publicly introduced the principle of complementarity in a lecture he delivered on 16 September 1927 at the International Physical Congress held in Como, Italy, attended by most of the leading physicists of the era, with the notable exceptions of Einstein, Schrödinger, and Dirac.

As the successor of Leopold Schmidt, Alfred Einstein was the musical critic from September 1927 until August 1933.

This idea is substantiated within a series of papers published by Albert Einstein between 1927 and 1949.

In 1927 Einstein remarked about special relativity, " Under this theory mass is not an unalterable magnitude, but a magnitude dependent on ( and, indeed, identical with ) the amount of energy.

Although there is no record of Einstein responding to Born and Heisenberg during the technical sessions of the Fifth Solvay Congress, he did challenge the completeness of quantum mechanics during informal discussions over meals, presenting a thought experiment intended to demonstrate that quantum mechanics could not be entirely correct.

In 1911, he began a series of important conferences in physics, known as the Solvay Conferences, whose participants included luminaries such as Max Planck, Ernest Rutherford, Marie Curie, Henri Poincaré, and ( then only 32 years old ) Albert Einstein.

FBI records show that 85 % of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed " subversive ," including communist and socialist organizations ; organizations and individuals associated with the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations ; black nationalist groups ; the American Indian Movement ; a broad range of organizations labeled " New Left ", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen ; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation ; the National Lawyers Guild ; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement ; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement ; and additional notable Americans — even Albert Einstein, who was a member of several civil rights groups, came under FBI surveillance during the years just prior to COINTELPRO's official inauguration .< ref >

In 1955, Powell, also a member of the World Federation of Scientific Workers, added his signature to the Russell-Einstein Manifesto put forward by Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein and scientist Joseph Rotblat, and was involved in preparations for the first Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs.

He lived with his wife, Amy Einstein Spingarn, in Manhattan and at their country estate which later became the Troutbeck Inn and Conference Center in Amenia, New York.

" Einstein Gravity with Dark Energy and Dark Matter as Sakharov Metric Elasticity ", GR17 Dublin 2004: 17th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation: Book of Abstracts, p. 181.

This complacency was blown to bits by the relativity of Einstein, the revelation of the complex anatomy of the atom and the discovery of the expanding universe.

Albert Einstein was quoted as saying: `` The workings of the woman's mind amaze me ''.

Glance at the list: Burckhardt, Tolstoy, Proudhon, Thoreau, London, Marx, Tawney, Mayo, Durkheim, Tannenbaum, Mumford, A. R. Heron, Huxley, Schweitzer, and Einstein.

Hanson Robotics, Inc., of Texas and KAIST produced an android portrait of Albert Einstein, using Hanson's facial android technology mounted on KAIST's life-size walking bipedal robot body.

The same kind of work that Einstein did, the same kind of work, using the same methods ; but in a much broader field, much more close to human relationships.

J. Desaulx suggested in 1877 that the phenomenon was caused by the thermal motion of water molecules, and in 1905 Albert Einstein produced the first mathematical analysis of the motion.

* 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.

For the specific heats at least, the limiting value itself is definitely zero, as borne out by experiments to below 10 K. Even the less detailed Einstein model shows this curious drop in specific heats.

Left: just before the appearance of a Bose – Einstein condensate.

A Bose – Einstein condensate ( BEC ) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of weakly interacting bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero.

This state of matter was first predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924 – 25.

Einstein was impressed, translated the paper himself from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the Zeitschrift für Physik which published it.

Einstein then extended Bose's ideas to material particles ( or matter ) in two other papers.

A record cold temperature of 450 ± 80 pK in a Bose – Einstein condensate ( BEC ) of sodium atoms was achieved in 2003 by researchers at MIT.

At very low temperatures in the vicinity of absolute zero, matter exhibits many unusual properties, including superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose – Einstein condensation.

Note that the above formula is only applicable to classical ideal gases and not Bose – Einstein or Fermi gases.

It developed a good reputation, and was home to Nobel Prize winners Albert Einstein, Paul Karrer, and Werner Arber, as well as several Swiss politicians and authors.

Albert Lawrence Brooks ( born Albert Lawrence Einstein ; July 22, 1947 ) is an American actor, voice actor, writer, comedian, and director.

Brooks was born in Beverly Hills, California, the son of Thelma Leeds ( née Goodman ), a singer and actress, and Harry Einstein, a radio comedian who performed on Eddie Cantor's radio program and was known as Parkyakarkus.

His brothers are comedic actor Bob Einstein, better known by his stage name " Super Dave Osborne ," and Cliff Einstein, a partner and longtime chief creative officer at Los Angeles advertising agency Dailey & Associates.

His half-brother was Charles Einstein ( 1926 – 2007 ), a writer for such television programs as Playhouse 90 and Lou Grant.