Eisenhower's two terms were peaceful ones for the most part and saw considerable economic prosperity except for a sharp recession in 1958 – 59.

Eisenhower's Pennsylvania Dutch ancestors, who were primarily farmers, included Hans Nikolaus Eisenhauer of Karlsbrunn, who migrated to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1741.

Eisenhower's first struggles however were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion ; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with de Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord.

The last three years of Eisenhower's second term in office were ones of relatively good health.

Conservative critics of his administration found that he did not do enough to advance the goals of the right: " Eisenhower's victories were ," according to Hans Morgenthau, " but accidents without consequence in the history of the Republican party.

Commemorative signs reading " Eisenhower Interstate System " and bearing Eisenhower's permanent 5-star rank insignia were introduced in 1993 and are currently displayed throughout the Interstate System.

Among the political figures targeted by the magazine were former Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Arthur H. Vandenberg, Jr., who had briefly served as President Eisenhower's Appointments Secretary.

Eisenhower's political views were unknown in 1948.

Privately however, Patton was often quick to remind Eisenhower that his permanent rank in the Regular Army – both men were still colonels there throughout 1943 – predated Eisenhower's.

Among them were Herbert Brownell, who would become Eisenhower's Attorney General, James Hagerty, who would become White House Press Secretary, and John Foster Dulles, who would become Eisenhower's Secretary of State.

The official nuclear policy of the United States was one of " massive retaliation ", as coined by President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, which called for massive attack against the Soviet Union if they were to invade Europe, regardless of whether it was a conventional or a nuclear attack.

Stevenson's hopes for victory were dashed when, in October, President Eisenhower's doctors gave him a clean bill of health and the Suez and Hungary crises erupted simultaneously.

These moves were significant because McNamara was abandoning President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation in favor of a flexible response strategy that relied on increased U. S. capacity to conduct limited, non-nuclear warfare.

On 25 March 1957 Macmillan acceded to Eisenhower's request to base 60 Thor IRBMs in England under joint control, to replace the nuclear bombers of the Strategic Air Command, which had been stationed under joint control in the country since 1948, and were approaching obsolescence.

Especially well known were its vicuna wool products, which became famous when President Eisenhower's Chief of Staff, Sherman Adams, received a vicuna sport coat as a gift from a wealthy industrialist and had to resign due to the resulting scandal.

He was a key ally for the passage of Eisenhower's Interstate Highway System, and during his tenure supported the Polaris submarine project ( which were built by Electric Boat Corporation in Groton, Connecticut ), civil rights legislation, and the establishment of the Peace Corps.

The actual authors of the speech were Eisenhower's speechwriters Ralph E. Williams and Malcolm Moos.

* During the mid-point of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, there were three instances in which the President was disabled.

The whereabouts of Adolf Hitler were in doubt, and some ( including Eisenhower's chief of staff, General Walter Bedell Smith ) felt that the German government may in fact have moved to the Bavarian Alps to establish a redoubt.

Several members of General Dwight Eisenhower's SHAPE staff during the early 1950s were reported to have arranged regular shipments of chili from Pool's to their Paris quarters.

In December 1950 it was announced that the forces initially to come under General Eisenhower's command were to be the Seventh United States Army in Germany, the British Army of the Rhine, with 2nd & 7th Armoured Divisions, to be bolstered by 11th Armoured Division and a further infantry division, three French divisions in Germany and Austria, the Danish, Belgian, and the Independent Norwegian Brigades in Western Germany, and the American and British garrisons in Austria, Trieste, and Berlin.

Four days after Eisenhower's arrival in Paris, on 5 January 1951, the Italian defence minister, Signor Pacciardi, announced that three Italian divisions were to be formed as Italy's ' initial contribution to the Atlantic army ,' and that these divisions would also come under Eisenhower's control.

As to whether Eisenhower's specific actions to enforce integration violated the Posse Comitatus Act, the Supreme Court, in Cooper v. Aaron ( 1958 ), indirectly affirmed the legality of his conduct, which was never, though, expressly reviewed.

The only remaining issue was whether the plaintiffs had a copyright in the underlying work, Eisenhower's book Crusade in Europe.

The second specific comment was the report of Eisenhower's Commission on National Goals, titled Goals For Americans.

President Truman's Commission on Higher Education tended to take a liberal, expansionist position, while President Eisenhower's Committee on Education Beyond the High School was slightly more conservative.

In view of Eisenhower's reluctance to concede that anything was amiss in the Terror, it is doubtful that heroic intervention by Dulles could have produced anything but disaster for him and the country's foreign policy.

The rule was enforced by demand of Sen. Wayne Morse ( D., Ore. ) in connection with President Eisenhower's cabinet selections in 1953 and President Kennedy's in 1961.

" While NASA went ahead with planning for Apollo, funding for the program was far from certain given Eisenhower's ambivalent attitude to manned spaceflight.

He served as chairman of the Cartoonists ' Committee in President Dwight D. Eisenhower's People-to-People program in 1954 ( although Capp had actually supported Adlai Stevenson for president in 1952 and 1956 ), which was organized to promote Savings bonds for the U. S. Treasury.

And though his mother was against war, it was her collection of history books that first sparked Eisenhower's early and lasting interest in military history.

Academically, Eisenhower's best subject by far was English ; otherwise his performance was average, though he thoroughly enjoyed the typical emphasis of engineering on science and mathematics.

After golf, oil painting was Eisenhower's second hobby.

Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move ; but Darlan was assassinated later that year, and Eisenhower's command position was not affected.

However, due to Eisenhower's persistence, the pivotal supply port at Antwerp was successfully, albeit belatedly, opened in late 1944, and victory became a more distinct probability.

During that year Eisenhower's memoir, Crusade in Europe, was published.

Eisenhower's profit on the book was substantially aided by an unprecedented ruling by the Treasury Department that Eisenhower was not a professional writer, but rather, marketing the lifetime asset of his experiences, and thus only had to pay capital gains tax on his $ 635, 000 advance instead of the much higher personal tax rate.

Eisenhower's stint as president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's " vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature ".

Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, " I Like Ike ".

Eisenhower's cabinet, consisting of several corporate executives and one labor leader, was dubbed by one journalist, " Eight millionaires and a plumber.

One of Eisenhower's enduring achievements was championing and signing the bill that authorized the Interstate Highway System in 1956.

Eisenhower's goal to create improved highways was influenced by difficulties encountered during his involvement in the U. S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy.

Biographer Stephen Ambrose opined that this was the best speech of Eisenhower's presidency.