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Elagabalus ' family held hereditary rights to the priesthood of the sun god El-Gabal, of whom Elagabalus was the high priest at Emesa ( modern Homs ) in Syria.
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Elagabalus and family
In his youth he served as a priest of the god Elagabal ( in Latin, Elagabalus ) in the hometown of his mother's family, Emesa.
Elagabalus's family held hereditary rights to the priesthood of the sun god Elagabal, of whom Elagabalus was the high priest at Emesa ( modern Homs ) in Syria.
When the emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat against his reign by the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them — Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus — to their estate at Emesa in Syria.
As a member of the Imperial Roman family, she watched closely the death of her cousin Caracalla and the ascent to power of her nephew Elagabalus, the oldest grandson of Julia Maesa and her choice to the throne.
Elagabalus and hereditary
The cult statue was brought to Rome by the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, who before his accession was the hereditary high priest at Emesa and is commonly called Elagabalus after the deity.
The restoration, however, brought with it a decidedly bizarre character: the first of the restored Severan Emperors, a Syrian historically known as " Elagabalus " ( also seen less correctly as " Heliogabalus ") was already the hereditary high priest of an Oriental sun god, Elagabal.
Elagabalus and sun
In Greek the sun god is Helios, hence Heliogabalus, another variant name for Elagabalus.
Born Varius Avitus Bassianus on May 16, 205, known later as M. Aurelius Antonius, he was appointed at an early age to be priest of the sun God, Elagabalus, represented by a phallus, by which name he is known to historians ( his name is sometimes written " Heliogabalus ").
Elagabalus or Heliogabalus is a Syro-Roman sun god.
* Elagabalus Sol Invictus or Lord of Emessa, a Syrian sun god brought to Rome by Emperor Elagabalus
The first sun god consistently termed invictus was the provincial Syrian god Elagabalus.
This has been seen as an abortive attempt to impose the Syrian sun god on Rome ; but because it is now clear that the Roman cult of Sol remained firmly established in Rome throughout the Roman period, this Syrian Sol Elagabalus has become no more relevant to our understanding of the Roman Sol than, for example, the Syrian Jupiter Dolichenus is for our understanding of the Roman Jupiter.
Elagabalus is believed to have had religious reasons for marrying Severa — he himself was a follower of the eastern sun god El-Gabal, and when marrying himself to Severa, he also conducted a symbolic marriage of his god to Vesta.
Elagabalus and god
Elagabalus ran backward in front of the chariot, facing the god and holding the horses reins.
For example, Elagabalus had tried fostering his own god and no others, and had failed dramatically.
Elagabalus and whom
Elagabalus married and divorced five women, three of whom are known.
* Aquilia Severa, whom Emperor Elagabalus married amid considerable scandal.
His wife Nonia Celsa bore him a son, Diadumenianus, whom he made co-Emperor in 218 ; both were executed by partisans of " Elagabalus " ( see below ).
Elagabalus and was
He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222, and was ultimately assassinated himself, marking the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century — nearly fifty years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.
It was the rumor of Alexander's death that triggered the assassination of Elagabalus and his mother.
His mother Julia Avita Mamaea was the second daughter of Julia Maesa and Syrian noble Julius Avitus and maternal aunt of Emperor Elagabalus.
In the following year, on 11 March, Elagabalus was murdered, and Alexander was proclaimed emperor by the Praetorians and accepted by the Senate.
235 ) (), often seen as just Aelian, born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222.
He was called Elagabalus only after his death.
Elagabalus was married as many as five times, lavished favors on male courtiers popularly thought to have been his lovers, employed a prototype of whoopee cushions at dinner parties, and was reported to have prostituted himself in the imperial palace.
Amidst growing opposition, Elagabalus, just 18 years old, was assassinated and replaced by his cousin Alexander Severus on 11 March 222, in a plot formulated by his grandmother, Julia Maesa, and carried out by disaffected members of the Praetorian Guard.
Elagabalus developed a reputation among his contemporaries for extreme eccentricity, decadence and zealotry which was likely exaggerated by his successors and political rivals.
Elagabalus was born around the year 203 to Sextus Varius Marcellus and Julia Soaemias Bassiana.
The deity Elagabalus was initially venerated at Emesa.
Elagabalus ' mother publicly declared that he was the illegitimate son of Caracalla, therefore due the loyalties of Roman soldiers and senators who had sworn allegiance to Caracalla.
Macrinus now sent letters to the Senate denouncing Elagabalus as the False Antoninus and claiming he was insane.
Elagabalus declared the date of the victory at Antioch to be the beginning of his reign and assumed the imperial titles without prior senatorial approval, which violated tradition but was a common practice among 3rd-century emperors nonetheless.
The contemporary historian Cassius Dio suggests that Gannys was in fact killed by the new emperor because he was forcing Elagabalus to live " temperately and prudently.
While Elagabalus was still on his way to Rome, brief revolts broke out by the Fourth Legion at the instigation of Gellius Maximus, and the Third Legion, which itself had been responsible for the elevation of Elagabalus to the throne, under the command of Senator Verus.
Elagabalus tried to have his presumed lover, the charioteer Hierocles, declared Caesar, while another alleged lover, the athlete Aurelius Zoticus, was appointed to the non-administrative but influential position of Master of the Chamber, or Cubicularius.
Pope Saint Callixtus I or Callistus I was pope from about 217 to about 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus.
In the 3rd century Syria was home to Elagabalus, a Roman emperor of the Severan dynasty who reigned from 218 to 222.
Elagabalus and high
In order to become the high priest of his new religion, Elagabalus had himself circumcised.
It was her beauty and her high prominent imperial ancestry that attracted the Roman Emperor Elagabalus to her.
Elagabalus and priest
" To help Romans adjust to the idea of having an oriental priest as emperor, Julia Maesa had a painting of Elagabalus in priestly robes sent to Rome and hung over a statue of the goddess Victoria in the Senate House.
Elagabalus and at
After Julia Maesa displayed her wealth to the Third Legion at Raphana they swore allegiance to Elagabalus.
Elagabalus and his entourage spent the winter of 218 in Bithynia at Nicomedia, where the emperor's religious beliefs first presented themselves as a problem.
The relationships between Julia Maesa, Julia Soaemias, and Elagabalus were strong at first.
Before constructing a temple in dedication to Elagabal, Elagabalus placed the meteorite of Elagabal next to the throne of Jupiter at the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
One of his most famous paintings is The Roses of Heliogabalus ( 1888 ) – based on an episode from the life of the debauched Roman Emperor Elagabalus ( Heliogabalus ), the painting depicts the psychopathic Emperor suffocating his guest at an orgy under a cascade of rose petals.
Born Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus Alexianus, Alexander was adopted as heir apparent by his slightly older and very unpopular cousin, the Emperor Elagabalus at the urging of the influential and powerful Julia Maesa — who was grandmother of both cousins and who'd arranged for the emperor's acclamation by the Third Legion.
Elagabalus was initially venerated at Emesa in Syria.
Herodian also relates that Elagabalus forced senators to watch while he danced around his deity's altar to the sound of drums and cymbals, and at each summer solstice celebrated a great festival, popular with the masses because of food distributions, during which he placed the holy stone on a chariot adorned with gold and jewels, which he paraded through the city:
The Roses of Heliogabalus is a famous painting of 1888 by the Anglo-Dutch academician Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, at present in private hands, and based on a probably invented episode in the life of the Roman emperor Elagabalus, also known as Heliogabalus, ( 204 – 222 ), taken from the Augustan History.
The 4th century Historia Augusta reports emperor Elagabalus to have used a wheelbarrow ( Latin: pabillus from pabo, one-wheeled vehicle ) to transport women in his frivolous games at court.
Grandmother of both the Roman emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus, she figured prominently in the ascension of each to the title at the age of fourteen.
He was from Caria and was at some point enslaved and became a charioteer in the service of Elagabalus.
The legion was still in Jerusalem at the time of Caracalla or Elagabalus.
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