In 1932, Ernst Lubcke of Siemens & Halske built and obtained images from a prototype electron microscope, applying concepts described in the Rudenberg patent applications.

He obtained his doctorate in 1919 with the thesis Über beschränkte Funktionen die in gegebenen Punkten vorgeschriebene Werte annehmen ; his thesis advisor was Ernst Lindelöf.

His ideas were inspired by experimental results on the sense of touch obtained in the early 1830s by the German physiologist Ernst Heinrich Weber, most notably a minimum physical fraction that was discriminated between stimuli of moderate strength, i. e. a log-linear psychophysical function.

On April 16 Ernst obtained a league of land on the west bank of the west fork of Mill Creek in Austin's colony.

At the Charles University in Prague, under guidance of Ernst Mach, he obtained doctoral decree in 1877.

In 1974 Ernst Mayr illustrated the difference in the statements:

Last Saturday's interesting melange included Ernst Toch, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Richard Yardumian and a brief excerpt from a new `` space '' opera by the Swedish composer, Karl-Birger Blomdahl.

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Fleming finally abandoned penicillin, and not long after he did, Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford took up researching and mass-producing it, with funds from the U. S. and British governments.

Many artists, including Martin Schongauer, Hieronymus Bosch, Dorothea Tanning, Max Ernst, and Salvador Dalí, have depicted these incidents from the life of Anthony ; in prose, the tale was retold and embellished by Gustave Flaubert in The Temptation of Saint Anthony.

His first two marriages ended in divorce — to June Ernst from 1935 to 1946, and to Norma Anderson from 1946 to 1969.

The Achaemenid collection was enhanced with the addition of the Oxus Treasure in 1897, by acquisition from the German scholar Ernst Herzfeld, and then by the work of Sir Aurel Stein.

This was in contradiction to Ernst Haeckel's theory that the complete phylogeny of a species would be repeated during embryonic development, including generation of the first nucleated cell from a " Monerula ", a structureless mass of primordial mucus (" Urschleim ").

The science that tries to reconstruct phylogenetic trees and thus discover clades is called phylogenetics or cladistics, the latter term being derived from " clade " by Ernst Mayr ( 1965 ).

In Cologne, Max Ernst used images from World War I to illustrate messages of the destruction of war.

* Vuilleumier, François, Mary LeCroy & Ernst Mayr ( 1992 ) New species of birds described from 1981 to 1990 Bulletin of the British Ornithologists ' Club Vol.

Husserl's review of Ernst Schröder, published before Frege's landmark 1892 article, clearly distinguishes sense from reference ; thus Husserl's notions of noema and object also arose independently.

Through such people as Nikola Tesla, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Thomas Edison, Ottó Bláthy, Ányos Jedlik, Sir Charles Parsons, Joseph Swan, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, Alexander Graham Bell and Lord Kelvin, electricity was turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution.

Sea anemones from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur ( Art forms of Nature ) of 1904.

" Flagellata " from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur | Artforms of Nature, 1904

In Germany, Ernst Lubitsch got his inspiration from the stage work of Max Reinhardt, both in bourgeois comedy and in spectacle, and applied this to his films, culminating in his die Puppe ( The Doll ), die Austernprinzessin ( The Oyster Princess ) and Madame Dubarry.

* Nolte, Ernst The Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism, translated from the German by Leila Vennewitz, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965.

While this theory, first propounded by Ernst von Dobschütz and Rudolf Bultmann, is not universally accepted, Amos Wilder writes that, " it is at least clear that there are considerable and sometimes continuous elements in the epistle whose style distinguishes them from that of the author both with respect to poetic structure and syntactic usage.

For instance, according to Ernst Herzfeld, it was a powerful empire, which stretched from north Mesopotamia to Bactria and India.

However, the similarity of Brahms's music to that of late Beethoven had first been noted as early as November 1853, in a letter from Albert Dietrich to Ernst Naumann.

Image: Haeckel Actiniae. jpg | Sea anemones from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur ( Artforms of Nature ), 1904.

American artists benefited from the presence of Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, Max Ernst and the André Breton group, Pierre Matisse's gallery, and Peggy Guggenheim's gallery The Art of This Century, as well as other factors.

The German physicist, Ernst Florens Chladni, was the first to publish the then audacious idea that that meteorites were actually rocks from space.

As a result, apart from Dobzhansky, Bernhard Rensch and Ernst Mayr, very few neo-Darwinian writers used the term, preferring instead to talk of evolution as changes in allele frequencies without mention of the level of the changes ( above species level or below ).

Victoria Benedictsson, one of the most famous Swedish authors of the 19th century, wrote under the name Ernst Ahlgren.

( Includes classic texts of kitsch criticism from authors like Theodor Adorno, Ferdinand Avenarius, Edward Koelwel, Walter Benjamin, Ernst Bloch, Hermann Broch, Richard Egenter, etc.

Roerich biography and his controversial expeditions to Tibet and Manchuaria has been recently explored by two Russian authors, Vladimir Rosov and Alexandre Andreyev, American ( Andrei Znamenski ), and the German Ernst von Waldenfels.

Various authors pursued similar ideas at the time, e. g. Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Amory Lovins, Donald Huisingh, René Kemp, or Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker.

Some other artists, authors and works published in transition included Samuel Beckett ( Assumption, For Future Reference ), Kay Boyle ( Dedicated to Guy Urquhart ), H. D. ( Gift, Psyche, Dream, No, Socratic ), Max Ernst ( Jeune Filles en des Belles Poses, The Virgin Corrects the Child Jesus before Three Witnesses ), Stuart Gilbert ( The Aeolus Episode in Ulysses, Function of Words, Joyce Thesaurus Minusculus ), Juan Gris ( Still Life ), Ernest Hemingway ( Three Stories, Hills like White Elephants ), Franz Kafka ( The Metamorphosis ), Alfred Kreymborg ( from: Manhattan Anthology ), Pablo Picasso ( Petite Fille Lisant ), Muriel Rukeyser ( Lover as Fox ), Gertrude Stein ( An Elucidation, The Life and Death of Juan Gris, Tender Buttons, Made a Mile Away ), William Carlos Williams ( The Dead Baby, The Somnambulists, A Note on the Recent Work of James Joyce, Winter, Improvisations, A Voyage to Paraguay ).

They first settled in Baden-Baden where Döblin worked for the French military government as official representative for the office of public education ; he was tasked with approving manuscripts for publication, and vehemently opposed the approval of any texts by authors who had sympathized with National Socialism, such as Ernst Jünger or Gottfried Benn.

This wide field of authors includes an eclectic mix of philosophers, politicians, poets, agitators, and social critics, ranging from the fairly benign pessimistic poet-scholars of Weimar Germany ( such as Stefan George, Ernst Juenger, and Martin Heidegger ) to the terrifying vitriol of genocidal racists such as Heinrich Himmler and American white supremacist, William Pierce.

Basic's list of authors includes Christopher Andrew, Anthony Appiah, Isaac Asimov, Robert Axelrod, Susan R. Barry, Daniel Bell, John Bradshaw, Allan Brandt, Richard Brookhiser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, William F. Buckley, Stephen Carter, Iris Chang, George Chauncey, Stephanie Coontz, Dinesh D ’ Souza, Devra Davis, Richard Dawkins, Hernando de Soto, Jared Diamond, Michael Eric Dyson, Thomas B. Edsall, Richard Evans, Graham Farmelo, Niall Ferguson, Richard Feynman, Richard Florida, Robin Lane Fox, Sigmund Freud, Howard Gardner, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Clifford Geertz, George Gilder, Barry Glassner, Robert Harms, Judith L. Herman, Christopher Hitchens, Douglas Hofstadter, Samuel P. Huntington, Jacqueline Jones, June Jordan, Leszek Kołakowski, Lawrence Krauss, Irving Kristol, George Lakoff, Edward Larson, Christopher Lasch, Mary Lefkowitz, Lawrence Lessig, Claude Levi-Strauss, Bernard Lewis, Robert Jay Lifton, Jeff Madrick, Nelson Mandela, Benoit Mandelbrot, Ernst Mayr, Walter A. McDougall, John McWhorter, Dana Milbank, Alice Miller, Walter Mosley, Charles Murray, Richard John Neuhaus, Donald Norman, Robert Nozick, Joseph S. Nye, Jr., James T. Patterson, Orlando Patterson, Jean Piaget, Steven Pinker, Karl Popper, Samantha Power, Diane Ravitch, Eugene Rogan, Juliet Schor, Brent Scowcroft, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Lee Smolin, Timothy Snyder, Thomas Sowell, Ian Stewart, Cass Sunstein, Beverly Daniel Tatum, Lester Thurow, Sherry Turkle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Michael Walzer, Elizabeth Warren, George Weigel, Steven Weinberg, Cornel West, Frank Wilczek, A. N.

Another epic of the High Middle Ages is Herzog Ernst ; other authors include Konrad von Würzburg, Rudolf von Ems, and Ulrich von Türheim.

Any given day Stieglitz might have been surrounded by artists John Marin, Max Weber, Arthur Dove, Marsden Hartley or Marius de Zayas ; authors and art critics Sadakichi Hartmann and Benjamin De Casseres ; financial supporters Paul Haviland and Agnes Ernst Meyer ; and editors and collaborators Joseph Keiley and John Kerfoot.

Numerous future members and leaders of the Nazi Party had served in the Freikorps, including Ernst Röhm, future head of the Sturmabteilung, or SA, Heinrich Himmler, future head of the Schutzstaffel, or SS, and Rudolf Höß, the future Kommandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Their first son, Gerd, died within a week of birth, 9 September 1916 ; their second, Ernst, was born on 16 November 1918, and was to remain close to his father for the rest of his life, up to and including a shared exile in London together.

ISBN 1-886155-00-3 Escher's art with commentary by Ernst on Escher's life and art, including several pages on his use of polyhedra.

In the West, Meher Baba met with a number of celebrities and artists, including Hollywood notables Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton, Tallulah Bankhead, Boris Karloff, Tom Mix, Maurice Chevalier, Ernst Lubitsch and others.

A team of Oxford research scientists led by Australian Howard Florey and including Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley devised a method of mass-producing the drug.

Soon more visual artists became involved, including Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, Joan Miró, Francis Picabia, Yves Tanguy, Salvador Dalí, Luis Buñuel, Alberto Giacometti, Valentine Hugo, Méret Oppenheim, Toyen, and later after the second war: Enrico Donati.

In Europe and all over the world since the 1960s, artists have combined Surrealism with what is believed to be a classical 16th century technique called mischtechnik, a kind of mix of egg tempera and oil paint rediscovered by Ernst Fuchs, a contemporary of Dalí, and now practiced and taught by many followers, including Robert Venosa and Chris Mars.

* August 24 – Howard Florey and a team including Ernst Chain and Norman Heatley at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, publish their laboratory results showing the in vivo bactericidal action of penicillin.

The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrandt, Robert Rauschenberg, Barbara Kruger, and Christian Boltanski.

While Ernst Lubitsch's 1942 To Be or Not To Be dealt with similar themes ( even including another mistaken-identity Hitler figure ), after the scope of Nazi atrocities became apparent it took nearly twenty years before any other films dared to satirize the era.

Despite the best attentions of French and German doctors, including Adolf Hitler's personal physician Karl Brandt, Ernst vom Rath died on 9 November.

He collected works by French and German Expressionist artists, from groups including Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter, such as Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Max Pechstein, Emil Nolde, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Franz Marc, Gabriele Münter, Alexej von Jawlensky, and Max Beckmann.

Some of the notable artists are Picasso, Dalí, Magritte, Brâncuşi ( including a sculpture from the Bird in Space series ), eleven works by Pollock, Braque, Duchamp, Léger, Severini, Picabia, de Chirico, Mondrian, Kandinsky, Miró, Giacometti, Klee, Gorky, Calder, Max Ernst and Peggy Guggenheim's daughter, Pegeen Vail Guggenheim.

Among the artists represented in the collection are, from Italy, De Chirico ( The Red Tower, The Nostalgia of the Poet ) and Severini ( Sea Dancer ); from France, Braque ( The Clarinet ), Duchamp ( Sad Young Man on a Train ), Léger ( Study of a Nude ), Picabia ( Very Rare Picture on Earth ); from Spain, Dalí ( Birth of Liquid Desires ), Miró ( Seated Woman II ) and Picasso ( The Poet, On the Beach ); from other European countries, Brâncuşi ( including a sculpture from the Bird in Space series ), Max Ernst ( The Kiss, Attirement of the Bride ), Giacometti ( Woman with Her Throat Cut, Woman Walking ), Gorky ( Untitled ), Kandinsky ( Landscape with Red Spots, No. 2, White Cross ), Klee ( Magic Garden ), Magritte ( Empire of Light ) and Mondrian ( Composition No. 1 with Grey and Red 1938, Composition with Red 1939 ); and from the US, Calder ( Arc of Petals ) and Pollock ( The Moon Woman, Alchemy ).

The Allied siege of La Rochelle took place between 12 September 1944, and 7 May 1945 ; the stronghold, including the islands of Ré and Oléron, was held by 20, 000 German troops under a German vice-admiral Ernst Schirlitz.

Bancroft capped off his education with a European tour, in the course of which he sought out almost every distinguished man in the world of letters, science and art, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Lord Byron, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Christian Charles Josias Bunsen, Friedrich Karl von Savigny, Varnhagen von Ense, Victor Cousin, Benjamin Constant and Alessandro Manzoni.

Ernst August Friedrich Ruska ( 25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988 ) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.

Equipped with a shiny bald head and a quiet but intense voice to go with his trademark penetrating gaze, he specialised in portraying insane or evil characters, including the violent alcoholic Doc Tydon in Wake in Fright ( 1971 ), the mad Doctor in the Bud Spencer-Terence Hill film Watch Out, We're Mad ( 1974 ), Heinrich Himmler in The Eagle Has Landed ( 1976 ), and the Bond arch-villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in You Only Live Twice ( 1967 ), the first film in which the villain's face is clearly seen.

The castle was home to several notable figures during its time as a mental institution, including Ludwig Schumann, the second youngest son of the famous composer Robert Schumann and Ernst Baumgarten, one of the original inventors of the airship.

This method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner.

She has received a number of other honors, including the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Chamber Music Prize, the Arturo Toscanini Music Critics Award, the Ernst von Dohnányi Citation, an Academy Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, and four Grammy nominations.

In the 19th and 20th centuries countless composers after Mozart and Beethoven have taken up this challenge, including Lennox Berkeley, Carlos Chávez, Henry Cowell, Jean Cras, Paul Dessau, Ernst von Dohnányi, Hanns Eisler, Jean Françaix, Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Paul Hindemith, Gideon Klein, Frank Martin, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Ernest John Moeran, Manuel Ponce, Max Reger, Terry Riley, Alexis Roland-Manuel, Miklós Rózsa, Arnold Schoenberg, Franz Schubert, William Schuman, Jean Sibelius, Robert Simpson, Richard Strauss, Sergei Taneyev, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Anton Webern, and Eugène Ysaÿe.

After World War II Dr. Kurt Eissler ( 1909 – 1999 ) and a small group of psychoanalysts who knew Sigmund Freud personally, including Heinz Hartmann, Ernst Kris, Bertram Lewin and Hermann Nunberg, decided to preserve Freud's letters and papers in a single archive.