Paganism in Latin Europe ( France, Italy, Spain ) focuses on Neo-Druidism and Esotericism based on megalith culture besides some Germanic Pagan groups in areas historically affected by Germanic migrations ( Lombardy ).

Among the competing understandings of what unites the various currents designated by " Esotericism " in the scholarly sense, perhaps the most influential has been proposed by Antoine Faivre.

Study of the concept was introduced by Sir James George Frazer in his influential book The Golden Bough ( 1890 – 1915 ); sacral kingship plays a role in Romanticism and Esotericism ( e. g. Julius Evola ) and some currents of Neopaganism ( Theodism ).

* Wouter J. Hanegraaff, “ The Study of Western Esotericism: New Approaches to Christian and Secular Culture ”, in Peter Antes, Armin W. Geertz and Randi R. Warne, New Approaches to the Study of Religion, vol.

* Antoine Faivre, Theosophy, Imagination, Tradition: Studies in Western Esotericism ( 1996 ), Albany: SUNY Press (“ SUNY Séries in Western Esoteric Traditions ”), 2000, XXXV-269 p.

* ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.

* ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.

In this context it can be considered synonymous with Esotericism, but does not have the faintly Western / Middle Eastern / Theosophical nuances that are sometimes associated with the latter term.

), in collaboration with Antoine Faivre, Roelof van den Broek, Jean-Pierre Brach, Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism, Leiden / Bristol: Brill, 2005, 2 vols., 1228 p. ISBN 90-04-14187-1.

In Western Esotericism and the Science of Religion, Pierre Riffard makes a distinction between " occult " and " scientific " etymologies, citing as an example of the former the etymology of ' guru ' in which the derivation is presented as gu (" darkness ") and ru (' to push away '); the latter he exemplifies by " guru " with the meaning of ' heavy '.

Esotericism or Esoterism signifies the holding of esoteric opinions or beliefs, that is, ideas preserved or understood by a small group or those specially initiated, or of rare or unusual interest.

Esotericism is the metaphysical point of unity where exoteric religions are believed to converge.

The Universiteit van Amsterdam ( UvA ) is the world's first academic institution to have created a complete program for research and teaching in the field of Western Esotericism.

He is also president of the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism.

Arthur Versluis ( Professor, Ph. D., Michigan State University ) proposes the term “ sympathetic empiricism ” as the approach that he finds most amenable in the study of Western Esotericism.

* Aries: Journal for the Study of Western Esotericism, Leiden: Brill, since 2001.

* Aries Book Series: Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism, Leiden: Brill, since 2006.

* Antoine Faivre, Access to Western Esotericism ( 1986 ), Albany: State University of New York Press (“ SUNY Séries in Western Esoteric Traditions ”), 1994, X-369 p.

* Kocku von Stuckrad, Western Esotericism: A Brief History of Secret Knowledge ( 2004 ), London / Oakville: Equinox Publishing, 2005, XVII-167 p.

* Arthur Versluis, Magic and Mysticism: An Introduction to Western Esotericism, Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007, 208 pages.

* University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism Research & BA / MA programs in Western esotericism.

" Western Esotericism and The Harmony Society ", Esoterica I, Michigan State University, 1999, pp. 20 – 47.

( 2006 ) Magia Sexualis: Sex, Magic, and Liberation in Modern Western Esotericism.

Organised by the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Lancaster, North-West England, it was entitled " Nature Religion Today: Western Paganism, Shamanism and Esotericism in the 1990s ", and led to the publication of an academic anthology, entitled Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World.

The left-hand side therefore designates the multiplicative inverse of 1 − x in the ring of power series.

The first part number in the series, the 7400, designates a device containing four two-input NAND gates.

* Alan Davis ' 2002 miniseries Killraven depicted an alternate-future variation of the original series, set on the parallel universe Marvel Comics designates " Earth-2120 ".

While " animation " designates any style of illustrated images seen in rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word " cartoon " is most often used in reference to TV programs and short films for children featuring anthropomorphized animals, superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists and related genres.

The constitution designates the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts as the authority to resolve disputes among the people as well as the disputes related to the people and the government.

The distinction between font and typeface is that a font designates a specific member of a type family such as roman, boldface, or italic type, while typeface designates a consistent visual appearance or style which can be a " family " or related set of fonts.

In Tolkien's works, the term Half-elven or Peredhil refers only to a few related individuals throughout history, however, in many post-Tolkien writings, the term half-elf designates an entire race.

* Exposé of the Babylonian Whore-essay by Marpeck in which he designates both the Papacy and false ' evangelicals ' as Whore of Babylon ( from the Apocalypse ) and discusses issues related to separation of Temporal and Spiritual authority.

The " Detective " prefix designates that the officer has a proven investigative ability and has received suitable training and passed related examinations, to conduct all manner of criminal investigations.

:: Title VI consists of one section which, through several requirements, designates the late CIA officer Johnny Michael Spann as a trust fund for distribution towards surviving spouses, children, or dependent parents, grandparents, or siblings of Government related service members.

Behmenism does not describe the beliefs of any single formal religious sect, but instead designates a more general description of Böhme's interpretation of Christianity, when used as a source of devotional inspiration by a variety of groups.

In contemporary India, " communalism " designates not only the conflicts between extremist religious communities, but also those between people of the same religion but from different regions and states.

" Harpsichord " designates the whole family of similar plucked keyboard instruments, including the smaller virginals, muselar, and spinet.

Since 2001, trim levels are also indicated by including a number after the main index: '- 00 ' means base trim level, '- 01 ' means standard trim and '- 02 ' designates deluxe version ; for example, VAZ-21121-02 means Lada 112 hatchback with an 1. 6L SOHC engine and deluxe trim.

The numbers / letters denoting body size and shape are generally followed by a number that designates the guitar's ornamentation and style, including the species of wood from which the guitar is constructed.

People from the city of São Paulo are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the whole of São Paulo state, including the paulistanos.

The college occupies a central campus of historic red brick buildings and modern structures, including National Register of Historic Places designates Old Main and the Harlan-Lincoln House.

The tourism industry designates tourism souvenirs as commemorative merchandise associated with a location, often including geographic information and usually produced in a manner that promotes souvenir collecting.

A Castle Doctrine ( also known as a Castle Law or a Defense of Habitation Law ) is an American legal doctrine that designates a person's abode ( or, in some states, any place legally occupied, such as a car or place of work ) as a place in which the person has certain protections and immunities and may in certain circumstances use force, up to and including deadly force, to defend against an intruder without becoming liable to prosecution.

Except in the case of syllabic consonants, designates all vowels while designates all consonants ( including glides ).