Established in 1829 by the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1845 it became the first U. S. city west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated.

Established in 1845, the newspaper is published daily in Hønefoss.

Established as The Bytown Packet in 1845 by William Harris, it was renamed the Citizen in 1851.

Established upon statehood in 1845, the court is headquartered across the street from the state capitol in Tallahassee.

Established in 1819 as Valley Creek, the town was renamed Summerfield in 1845 to honor the famous Methodist preacher John Summerfield.

Established in 1845 in South Africa, it is now a FTSE100 listed company and has more than 12 million customers.

Established in 1842, the ' Corps of Gendarmerie of San Marino ' () is a militarized police service, under the control of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Politics.

Established in 1834 and having operated continuously since then, it is the oldest US railroad still operating under its original name and charter.

Established by the passing of Family Law Act 1975, under Chapter 3 of the Australian Constitution, it commenced operations on 5 January 1976.

Established in January 1341 ' under the name of the Hall of the Queen's scholars of Oxford ' ( sub nomine aule scholarium Regine de Oxon ), the college was subsequently called the ' Queen's Hall ', ' Queenhall ' and ' Queen's College '.

* Established the frontier between the French Third Republic and the German Empire, which involved the ceding of 1, 694 villages and cities under French control to Germany in:

Established under Title 10 and Title 32 of the U. S. Code, the Air National Guard is part of the state National Guard and is divided up into units stationed in each of the 50 states and U. S. territories and operates under their respective state governor or territorial government.

Established in 1991 under Hong Kong Law Chapter 1141 ( The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Ordinance ), it is one of the nine universities in Hong Kong.

Established in January 2005 under the directorship of senior fellow Edmund J. McMahon, the Empire Center for New York State Policy is " dedicated to promoting freedom, opportunity, and enterprise in the Empire State " through research reports, conferences, and commentary aimed at policymakers, media, and the public.

Established in July 1858 by a US Army detachment under the command of Brevet Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston, Camp Floyd was named for then Secretary of War John B. Floyd.

Established by Congress to combat a wide range of animal diseases — from infectious disease of swine to bovine pneumonia, Texas cattle fever to glanders — Smith worked under Daniel E. Salmon, a veterinarian and Chief of the BAI.

Established in 1843 as Bishop's College, the school remained under the Anglican church's direction from its founding until 1947.

Established in 1918, it was banned between 1933 and 1945 under both the Austrofascist regime, and German control of Austria during World War II.

In 1977, HIDS, the Medical Care Act, and federal funds for post-secondary education ( also under provincial jurisdiction ) were combined into a new Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs Financing Act of 1977 ( known as EPF ).

Established in 1984 as Touchstone Films, it typically releases films that feature more mature themes and darker tones than those that are released under the Walt Disney Pictures banner.

* The Official " Date of Completion " of the Transcontinental Railroad under the Provisions of the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862, et seq., as Established by the Supreme Court of the United States to be November 6, 1869.

Established under President Charles de Gaulle in 1961, its headquarters are located in central Paris and it is under the supervision of the French Ministries of Defence and Research.

Established on July 27, 1935, by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Federal Writers ' Project ( FWP ) operated under journalist and theatrical producer Henry Alsberg, and later John D. Newsome, compiling local histories, oral histories, ethnographies, children's books and other works.

Established under the Private Education Act, the Council for Private Education is a statutory board empowered with the legislative power to regulate the private education sector.

Established under the direction Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, the second Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the cemetery in Rabwah has over 10, 000 graves.

Established under the leadership of Professor Tim Luckhurst, a former editor of the Scotsman and former BBC Editor The Centre runs both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees that are accredited by the National Council for the Training of Journalists.

1st millennium BCE: Established as a Carthaginian colony ; after the Punic Wars it came under Roman control with the name Oppidum Novum.

Established in 1974, its role is to keep under review all local government areas in Wales, and the electoral arrangements for the principal areas, and to make such proposals to the National Assembly for Wales as seem desirable in the interests of effective and convenient local government.

Established by the order of the Secretary of the Navy John Branch on 6 December 1830 as the Depot of Charts and Instruments, the Observatory rose from humble beginnings.

Established from the principles learned in the Spanish-American War, the College was founded by Secretary of War, Elihu Root, and formally established by General Order 155 on November 27, 1901.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation.

Established in July 1980 and officially opened on 29 January 1981, the centre undertook training of new Panavia Tornado pilots from the RAF, Luftwaffe, German Navy and Italian Air Force.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation.

Established on 16 October 1970, the insignia recognizes those service members who have completed the Navy ’ s Basic Underwater Demolition / SEAL ( BUD / S ) training, completed SEAL Qualification Training and have been designated as U. S. Navy SEALs.

Established in 1873, it claims 48, 000 members, mostly active and retired members of the United States Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

* London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U. S. Navy and Shaped a Nation New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

Established 18 May 1703, the Fleet is the oldest Russian Navy formation.

* New Training Ship Noosa, Australian Navy Cadets, ( Established in Cooroy in 2002 and now Based in Tewantin since 2006 )

Established by the United States Air Force at the end of the Korean War ( 1950 – 53 ), it was extended during the Vietnam War ( 1959 – 75 ) to the Army, Navy and Marines.

Established institutions are seen as inhumane or selfish and therefore fallible (( Stoneman, 1987 ): For instance, Mr. Hale breaks with the Church on a matter of conscience, Frederick Hale participates in a mutiny against the Navy and is forced into exile because the Law would hang him for what he considered a just cause.