Estimating the box-counting dimension of the coast of Great Britain

F is a constant and D is a parameter that Richardson found depended on the coastline approximated by L. He gave no theoretical explanation but Mandelbrot identified L with a non-integer form of the Hausdorff dimension, later the fractal dimension.

Very shortly after that work was submitted, by March 1918, Felix Hausdorff expanded the definition of " dimension ", significantly for the evolution of the definition of fractals, to allow for sets to have noninteger dimensions.

In 1975 when Mandelbrot coined the word " fractal ", he did so to denote an object whose Hausdorff – Besicovitch dimension is greater than its topological dimension.

A straight line, for instance, is self-similar but not fractal because it lacks detail, is easily described in Euclidean language, has the same Hausdorff dimension as topological dimension, and is fully defined without a need for recursion.

* List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension

In mathematics, the Hausdorff dimension ( also known as the Hausdorff – Besicovitch dimension ) is an extended non-negative real number associated with any metric space.

The Hausdorff dimension generalizes the notion of the dimension of a real vector space.

That is, the Hausdorff dimension of an n-dimensional inner product space equals n. This means, for example, the Hausdorff dimension of a point is zero, the Hausdorff dimension of a line is one, and the Hausdorff dimension of the plane is two.

One interesting result Eysenck noted in his 1956 work was that in the United States and Great Britain, most of the political variance was subsumed by the left / right axis, while in France, the T-axis was larger, and in the Middle East, the only dimension to be found was the T-axis: " Among mid-Eastern Arabs it has been found that while the tough-minded / tender-minded dimension is still clearly expressed in the relationships observed between different attitudes, there is nothing that corresponds to the radical-conservative continuum.

Even so, boys rarely climbed chimneys before the Great Fire of London, when building regulations were put in place and the design of chimneys was altered, The new chimneys were often angular and narrow, and the usual dimension of the flue in domestic properties was by.

: The Crystal is a living Alter from the Alter dimension, drawn to the Lost Ground during the Great Uprising.

The Yeti serve the Great Intelligence, a disembodied entity from another dimension, which tried to form a physical body in order to conquer the Earth.

Contemporary philosopher Wang Fuzhi believed that notwithstanding the Great Learning's mentioning of " harmonizing tianxia " was in reference to government, and that tianxia was not of interchangeable dimension.

Straczyski later confided during an interview that the Thirdspace aliens were inspired by Lovecraft's Great Old Ones, in that they are a malevolent force existing in a dimension or trans-spatial realm just adjacent to our own and that they use other species to increase their power and as servants.

Twenty years ago, in a magic-filled dimension parallel world to our own, the forces of darkness came into power and a war called the " Great Battle " between good and evil began.

Doctor Strange traveled to Chthon's dimension and, while communicating with the demon, Strange nearly gave in to the darkness ( which would have killed him ), but Strange was saved only by his faith in " something far subtler and far more majestic than the Great Shadow.

Just before the continent of Lemuria was sunk by the Celestials in the " Great Cataclysm ", the Serpent Men and some human alchemists created the Serpent Crown, an object which mystically accessed the powers of Set in his pocket dimension.

Lorelei battles several Asgardians and becomes trapped in the dimension of the Great Beasts.

Its longest dimension is just over, and at the time of construction it was the largest reservoir in Britain.

The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicated the issue, as many new residents did not learn the Welsh language.

The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicated the issue, as many new residents did not learn the Welsh language.

The issue of locals being priced out of the local housing market is common to many rural communities throughout Britain, but in Wales the added dimension of language further complicated the issue, as many new residents did not learn the Welsh language.

For the first three weeks, the ship skirted up the east coast of Great Britain, then turned westward.

* 1783 – A huge fireball meteor is seen across Great Britain as it passes over the east coast.

While travelling south along the north Queensland coast, the Gothenburg encountered a cyclone-strength storm and was wrecked on a section of the Great Barrier Reef.

890 by Wulfstan of Hedeby, an Anglo-Saxon sailor, travelling on the south coast of the Baltic Sea at the behest of King Alfred the Great of England.

After the death of Alexander the Great, Perdiccas expelled the Athenian settlers on Samos to Colophon, on the coast of what is now Turkey.

* 1875 – The hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.

During the 1765 season, four pilots were engaged at 4 shillings a day each: John Beck for the coast west of " Great St. Lawrence ", Morgan Snook for Fortune Bay, John Dawson for Connaigre and Hermitage Bay, and John Peck for the " Bay of Despair.

He went to the United States following the American Revolutionary War and built a fur-trading empire that extended to the Great Lakes region and Canada, and later expanded into the American West and Pacific coast.

Lake Ontario is also the only one of the five Great Lakes not to share a coast with the state of Michigan.

* 1950 – The Great Appalachian Storm of November 1950, otherwise known at the time as the " Storm of the Century ", strikes New England with hurricane force winds resulting in massive forest blow-downs and storm surge damage along the Northeast coast including New York City.

About 1788 an order of the council required every ship liable to quarantine, in case of meeting any vessel at sea, or within four leagues of the coast of Great Britain or Ireland, to hoist a yellow flag in the daytime and show a light at the main topmast head at night, under a penalty of £ 200.

The Swahili people had various extensive trading ports dotting the coast of medieval East Africa and Great Zimbabwe had extensive trading contacts with Central Africa, and likely also imported goods brought to Africa through the Southeast African shore trade of Kilwa in modern-day Tanzania.

It is possible that Saxon settlement of Great Britain began only in response to expanding Frankish control of the Channel coast.

The Great Sumatran fault, a strike-slip fault, runs the entire length of the island along its west coast.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or UK, is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe.

* 1810: The Battle of Vieux Grand Port ( Great Old Port ) in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the Island of Mauritius, was the only naval victory won by Napoleon.

* August 22 – James Cook claims the eastern coast of New Holland ( Australia ) for Great Britain.

His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the Varanger Fjord induced him to remain neutral during the Crimean War, and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Second French Empire ( 25 November 1855 ) for preserving the territorial integrity of Sweden-Norway.

The voyage then progressed to Tahiti ( where the transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission ), to New Zealand and to the east coast of Australia, where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay and at Endeavour River ( near modern Cooktown ) in Queensland, where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while the ship was repaired after becoming holed on the Great Barrier Reef.

It was able to serve the three countries with a single trans-Atlantic crossing with the use of an innovative branching unit located underwater on the continental shelf off the coast of Great Britain.

Other products desired by the Europeans produced other components of the Indian Trade, including the deerskin trade in the what is now the east coast of the United States, and the Pemmican and buffalo skin and meat trade on the Great Plains.

Originally native to the eastern United States, it was intentionally introduced into the West during the Great Depression, probably as a source of food, and now occupies much of the Pacific coast.

Corals can be major contributors to the physical structure of the coral reefs that develop in tropical and subtropical waters, such as the enormous Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

Brighton is the major part of the city and unitary authority of Brighton and Hove ( formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages ) on the south coast of Great Britain.