Modern-day Arab telephone keypad with two forms of Arabic numerals: Western Arabic / European numerals on the left and Eastern Arabic numerals on the right

His father established a small school near the Abdin Palace where European, Arab and Turkish masters taught Abbas and his brother Prince Mehemet Ali.

Banda was the world's only source of nutmeg and mace, spices used as flavourings, medicines, preserving agents, that were at the time highly valued in European markets ; sold by Arab traders to the Venetians for exorbitant prices.

Comoros also is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the European Development Fund, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission, and the African Development Bank.

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However, the symbols used in different areas are not identical ; for instance, Western Arabic numerals ( from which the European numerals are derived ) differ from the forms used by other Arab cultures.

There are tiny Arab, Asian and European communities.

With Arab labor immigration to Mandatory Palestine peaking through the 1930s, the increased persecution of European Jews led to a marked increase in Jewish immigration as well.

This category includes the Council of Europe ( CoE ), European Union ( EU ), NATO, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, African Union ( AU ), Organization of American States ( OAS ), Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ), Arab League, and Union of South American Nations.

For example it has been estimated that the exports of Finland, a European country of five million, exceeded those of the entire 260 million-strong Arab world, excluding oil revenue.

By 1952 a multiracial pattern of quotas allowed for 14 European, 1 Arab, and 6 Asian elected members, together with an additional 6 African and 1 Arab member chosen by the governor.

Events and political movements that contributed to Lebanon's violent implosion include, among others, the departure of European colonial powers, the emergence of Arab Nationalism, Arab Socialism in the context of the Cold War, the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Ba ' athism, the Iranian Revolution, Palestinian militants, Black September in Jordan, Islamic fundamentalism, and the Iran – Iraq War.

It lay within easy reach of the major European nations and linked the Arab countries of North Africa with those of the Middle East, facts that throughout history had made its urban centres bustling crossroads rather than isolated backwaters without external social influences.

Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world, is one of the 37 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, and is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources, including multilateral organizations ( most significantly the World Bank, African Development Bank, and Arab Funds ), and bilateral programs funded by the European Union, France, United States, Canada, Netherlands, and Germany.

Among the various free trade agreements that Morocco has ratified with its principal economic partners, are The Euro-Mediterranean free trade area agreement with the European Union with the objective of integrating the European Free Trade Association at the horizons of 2012 ; the Agadir Agreement, signed with Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, within the framework of the installation of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area ; the US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement with United States which came into force on 1 January 2006, and lately the agreement of free exchange with Turkey.

From the total foreign investments in Morocco, the European Union invests approximately 73. 5 %, whereas, the Arab world invests only 19. 3 %.

Some free trade agreements include the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area agreement with the European Union ; the Greater Arab Free Trade Area with Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia ; as well as the US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement with the United States.

Pliny connected these two rivers as one long watercourse which flowed ( via lakes and underground sections ) into the Nile, a notion which persisted in the Arab and European worlds – and further added the Senegal River as the " Ger " – until the 19th century.

By the late 19th century, Nazareth was a town with a strong Arab Christian presence and a growing European community, where a number of communal projects were undertaken and new religious buildings were erected.

Aflaq and al-Arsuzi were key figures in the establishment of the Arab Ba ’ ath ( Renaissance ) Party, and the former was for long its chief ideologist, combining elements of Marxist thought with a nationalism to a considerable extent reminiscent of nineteenth-century European romantic nationalism.

The early European presence in Cameroon was primarily devoted to coastal trade and the acquisition of slaves.

Later, European sailors used the auks as a navigational beacon, as the presence of these birds signaled that the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were near.

In August 2010, a European astronomical team working at the La Silla Observatory in Chile announced that they had confirmed the presence of at least five planets orbiting the star HD 10180 in Hydrus.

Blacksmiths are credited with magical powers in many parts of the world, and it is significant that the Boudas are workers in iron and clay ; in the Life of N. Pearce ( i. 287 ) a European observer tells a story of a supposed transformation which took place in his presence and almost before his eyes ; but it does not appear how far hallucination rather than coincidence must be invoked to explain the experience.

His expansion into Europe had given the Ottoman Turks a powerful presence in the European balance of power.

Although Browning wanted to hire an unknown European actor for the title role and have him be mostly offscreen as a sinister presence, budget constraints and studio interference necessitated the casting of Bela Lugosi and a more straightforward approach.

The concept, referred to as " Dollar Diplomacy ", called for the State Department to coordinate loans to the countries for infrastructure improvement from the largest banks in the U. S. Strategically, this was designed to strengthen security for the Panama Canal, increase American trade, and diminish the presence of European nations in the area.

Confirmed presence of Y. pestis would suggest that it was a contributing factor in some of ( though possibly not all ) the European plagues.

Although the presence of street children was a problem in Bucharest in the 1990s, their numbers have declined significantly in recent years, currently lying at or below the average of major European capital cities.

The European edible frog appear a species, but is actually semi-permanent hybrids between pool frogs and marsh frogs, the edible frog population being dependent on the presence of at least one of the parents species to be maintained.

* 19 May 1953: the 25th “ Bal des Petits Lits Blancs “, organised by the novelist Guy des Cars, takes place at the Moulin Rouge in the presence of the French President, Monsieur Vincent Auriol, and it includes, for the first time on a European stage, Bing Crosby.

Politically they engaged in the fight against environmental pollution, nuclear energy ( 1986 saw the Chernobyl disaster ), the promotion of animal protection and the campaign against the demolition of Brussels by speculation fuelled by the presence of the European institutions.

Further highlights include his presence in the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon as Celtic overcame Internazionale in the 1967 European Cup Final, at Wembley as Manchester United defeated Benfica to capture the 1968 European Cup and also the BBC's main man at the 1970 World Cup, commentating on the final between Brazil and Italy.

According to Dr. Kimani Nehusi, the presence of European slavers affected the way in which the legal code in African societies responded to offenders.

The other European powers established a presence in the Caribbean after the Spanish Empire declined, partly due to the reduced native population of the area from European diseases.

Though 97 % of Argentina's population self-identify as of European descent to this day a high level of multiculturalism remains a feature of Argentina's culture, allowing foreign festivals and holidays ( e. g. Saint Patrick's Day ), supporting all kinds of art or cultural expression from ethnic groups, as well as their diffusion through an important multicultural presence in the media ; for instance it is not uncommon to find newspapers or radio programs in English, German, Italian or French in Argentina.

As the European presence increased, the indigenous population dwindled, mainly from disease such as smallpox and measles.

Although it was the main British settlement in the Carnatic, Madras was weakly fortified and had only a small garrison, reflecting the thoroughly commercial nature of the European presence in India hitherto.

In places where these colonizers faced high mortality rates ( e. g., due to the presence of tropical diseases ), they could not settle permanently, and they were thus more likely to establish extractive institutions, which persisted after independence ; in places where they could settle permanently ( e. g. those with temperate climates ), they established institutions with this objective in mind and modeled them after those in their European homelands.

Given the presence of the KULeuven, an important European institution for academic research and education, much of the local economy is concentrated on spin-offs from academic research.

Vasco da Gama was the first known European to visit Mombasa, receiving a chilly reception in 1498.

Fundi Konde was the best-known early guitarist, alongside Paul Mwachupa and Lukas Tututu the middle of the 1920s, dance clubs had appeared in Mombasa, playing music for Christians to dance in a European style.

European missionaries began settling in the area from Mombasa to Mount Kilimanjaro in the 1840s, nominally under the protection of the Sultan of Zanzibar.