The Sultan is in the company of five other deposed European monarchs, and he tells Candide, who initially doubts his credentials:

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

Though the punishment was not actually carried out, the incident clearly indicates that European monarchs at the time did not consider foreign ambassadors to be completely immune from punishment.

El Cid's own marriage and those of his daughters raised his status by connecting him to the peninsular royalty ; even today, most European monarchs and many commoners of European ancestry descend from El Cid, through Cristina's son, King García Ramírez of Navarre and to a lesser extent via a granddaughter Jimena of Barcelona, who married into the Counts of Foix.

Historically the titles of Tennō in Japanese have never included territorial designations as is the case with many European monarchs.

The violent events of the French Revolution impressed themselves deeply into the mind of Francis ( as well as all other European monarchs ), and he came to distrust radicalism in any form.

Many European monarchs were related due to political marriages, sometimes resulting in distant cousins ( and even first cousins ) being married.

For the next seven centuries, up to today, a veritable multitude of European monarchs have used the title of King of Jerusalem.

In 1307, another Mongol embassy led by Tommaso Ugi di Siena reached European monarchs.

The arguing and fighting among the monarchs seemed poised to lead Europe towards heavy international competition – a situation which would have resembled the European situation in the late nineteenth century.

With the rise of European monarchs in following centuries, rhetoric shifted into the courtly and religious applications.

Several European monarchs were keen stamp collectors, including King George V of the United Kingdom and King Carol II of Romania.

It is a widely held view in Thailand that the diplomatic skills of these monarchs, combined with the modernising reforms of the Thai government, made Siam the only country in Southeast Asia to avoid European colonisation.

The most important European monarchs became members of the order.

Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many pretenders to abolished European thrones.

The European phenomenon of equal primogeniture has doomed the security that the Bourbon monarchs once had.

The increasing prosperity of the middle classes with rising commerce and industry meant that restored European monarchs

* also substantively, the title was granted by popes and secular monarchs to specific individuals and to the heads of some high-ranking European families who, however, never exercised dynastic sovereignty and whose cadets are not entitled to share the princely title, e. g. de Beauvau-Craon, Colonna, von Bismarck, von Dohna-Schlobitten, von Eulenburg, de Faucigny-Lucinge, von Lichnowsky, von Pless, Ruffo di Calabria, ( de Talleyrand ) von Sagan, van Ursel, etc.

A European medieval traditions of selecting representatives from the various estates ( classes, but not as we know them today ) to advise / control monarchs led to relatively wide familiarity with representative systems.

In fact, the king's womanising behavior was not very different from that of many of his illustrious ancestors, such as kings Francis I, Henry IV, Louis XIV, to say nothing of other European monarchs such as Charles II of England.

Without the good magazines, without their book reviews, their hospitality to European writers, without above all their awareness of literary standards, we might very well have had a generation of Krim's heroes -- Wolfes, Farrells, Dreisers, and I might add, Sandburgs and Frosts and MacLeishes in verse -- and then where would we be??

A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

Although the European film industry was then in its ascendancy, Bardot was one of the few European actresses to have the mass media's attention in the United States, an interest which she did not reciprocate by rarely, if ever, going to Hollywood.

He was then in the England team which made it to the semi-finals of the 1968 European Championships where they were knocked out by Yugoslavia in Florence.

The privateer-turned-pirate Henry Jennings and his followers decided, early in the 18th century, to use the then uninhabited island of New Providence as a base for their operations ; it was within easy reach of the Florida Strait and its busy shipping lanes, which were filled with European vessels crossing the Atlantic.

However most of the colleges began in the mid-1960s as a response education and training for the then emerging baby boom generation, and to provide training to the post second World War II European immigrants and newer immigrants from around the world, that were starting to enter the country.

Charlton then lifted the League One trophy on 5 May 2012, having been in the top position since 15 September 2011, and after recording a 3 – 2 victory over Hartlepool United, recorded their highest ever league points score of 101, the highest in any professional European league that year.

The first European contact with chocolate came when Montezuma ( then tlatoani of Tenochtitlan ) introduced Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador, to xocolatl in the 16th century.

" This then brings up the question of what are the essential characteristics of modern science and capitalism, and whether it makes any sense at all to apply European concepts to Chinese history.

The European powers then determined to intervene, and authorized the landing in Beirut of a body of French troops under General Beaufort d ' Hautpoul, whose inscription can still be seen on the historic rock at the mouth of Nahr al-Kalb.

In the case of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty and Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the American versions were released first, followed by the Japanese versions and then the European versions, with each regional release offering new content not found in the previous one.

A variant and much less-commonly used form of solo tuning used in some Eastern European countries is ( A-D-G-C ), which uses three of the strings from orchestral tuning ( A-D-G ) and then adds a high " C " string.

In the 19th century, the Congress of Vienna reasserted the rights of diplomats ; and they have been largely respected since then, as the European model has spread throughout the world.

In 1967 he passed the state law exam and then worked at the University of Regensburg in criminal law and Eastern European law.

It received 16. 5 % of the vote at the 2009 European Parliament elections, putting it in second place ahead of the then governing Labour Party.

He then pushed forward the important Socialist figure of Dominique Strauss-Kahn as European nominee to the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ).

Established European artists such New Order helped to inspire the original freestyle sound, then incorporated freestyle elements into their own productions.

European explorers-first the Portuguese in search of the Spice Islands ( Indonesia ) and then the Spanish-reached the Carolines in the 16th century, with the Spanish establishing sovereignty.

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985, as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004.

While the rest of Europe was cooling, the area around Gibraltar back then resembled a European Serengeti.

The German Green list for these elections was headed by Rebecca Harms ( then leader of the Green party in Lower Saxony ) and Daniel Cohn-Bendit, previously Member of the European Parliament for the The Greens of France.

Paul Verhoef, the then current satellite navigation program manager at the European Commission indicated that this limited funding would have serious consequences commenting at one point " To give you an idea, that would mean that for three weeks in the year you will not have satellite navigation " in reference to the currently proposed 18 vehicle constellation.

The Whitney was founded in 1931, as an answer to the then newly founded ( 1928 ) Museum of Modern Art's collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art.