A refrain is often a two line repeated lyrical statement commenting on or summarizing the preceding verse, for example:

Edward Gibbon, in his classic The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, discusses the topic in considerable detail in his famous Chapter Fifteen, summarizing the historical causes of the early success of Christianity as follows: "( 1 ) The inflexible, and, if we may use the expression, the intolerant zeal of the Christians, derived, it is true, from the Jewish religion, but purified from the narrow and unsocial spirit which, instead of inviting, had deterred the Gentiles from embracing the law of Moses.

According to the majority of modern historians, Thietmar made an error summarizing the chronicle of Widukind, placing the Gero raid there instead of the fighting that Mieszko conducted at that time against Wichmann the Younger.

As they enter Heaven, the screen fades to white, where black text ( instead of the usual fade-to-black with white text summarizing the addict's time in treatment ) says simply that " Six months later, they are still happily dead.

But follow-up studies have ( depending on who was summarizing the results ) failed to replicate the phenomenon or produced mixed results ( Bem & others, 2001 ; Milton & Wiseman, 2002 ; Storm, 2000, 2003 ). One skeptic, magician James Randi, has a longstanding offer — now U. S. $ 1 million —“ to anyone who proves a genuine psychic power under proper observing conditions ” ( Randi, 1999 ).

A treaty typically begins with a preamble describing the contracting parties and their joint objectives in executing the treaty, as well as summarizing any underlying events ( such as a war ).

The novel ends with an epilogue summarizing how the Organization continued on to conquer the rest of the world and how people of other races were eliminated ( China and the entire eastern half of Asia were destroyed by prolonged bombardment with various weapons of mass destruction and made into an enormous desert ; Blacks were exterminated in Africa as well as America ; Puerto Ricans, described as " a repulsive mongrel race ", were exterminated and the island re-settled by whites ).

The complete work comprises five major sections: the seventeen levels ( bāhu-bhūmi ) which covers the entire range of mental and spiritual levels in Buddhism according to Mahāyāna ; the Compendium of Definitions ( viniścaya-samgraha ) which discusses and explicates aspects of the bāhu-bhūmi portion ; the Compendium of Exegesis ( vivarana-samgraha ), a manual of hermeneutical and exegetical techniques ; the Compendium of Synonyms ( paryāya-samgraha ) defining many of the various strings of quasi-synonymical expressions found in the Agamas ; the Compendium of Topics ( vastu-samgraha ) summarizing and explaining the key topics of each sūtra contained in the Samyukta-āgama ; and the Compendium of the Vinaya ( vinaya-samgraha ).

At the end of the year Peniston was named the No. 1 Billboard Hot Dance Music / Club Play Artist, summarizing all her songs released in 1994 (" I'm Not Over You " # 9, " Hit by Love " # 24, and I'm in the Mood " # 44 ).

The Survey of Recent Developments in Indiana Law contains fifteen to twenty articles written by professors and Indiana practitioners summarizing the significant changes and developments in Indiana law during the prior year ( October to October ).

There is not a definitive set of strategies, but common ones include summarizing what you have read, monitoring your reading to make sure it is still making sense, and analyzing the structure of the text ( e. g., the use of headings in science text ).

Abraham Cohen, containing notes summarizing the traditional commentaries ( Mikraot Gedolot ).

The images were arranged in a stemma, with a label ( titulus ) summarizing the individual's offices held ( honores ) and accomplishments ( res gestae ).

On public television, these are replaced by segments that include " The Liberty News Network " ( a newscast delivered by Cronkite summarizing the events of the episode, with each including his signature sign off " that's the way it is "), " Mystery Guest " ( a guessing game where the kids guess a historical figure, who often is a character in the episode ), " Now and Then " ( a segment comparing life in the Revolutionary Era and today ), and " Continental Cartoons " ( a rebus word guessing game ).

In the words of Reformed scholar Louis Berkhof, “ grace curbs the destructive power of sin, maintains in a measure the moral order of the universe, thus making an orderly life possible, distributes in varying degrees gifts and talents among men, promotes the development of science and art, and showers untold blessings upon the children of men ,” ( Berkhof, p. 434, summarizing Calvin ’ s position on common grace ).

In fact, Owain had a brother, but not a son, named Einion, and Welsh geneaologies do not name the mother of Owain's son Llywelyn.

The poem relates how Sigmund's son Helgi Hundingsbane agreed to take Sigrún daughter of Högni as his wife against her unwilling betrothal to Hodbrodd son of Granmar the king of Södermanland.

Cardenio relates the first part of his story, in which he falls deeply in love with his childhood friend Luscinda, and is hired as the companion to the Duke's son, leading to his friendship with the Duke's younger son, Don Fernando.

The Chambers biography relates that the legendary reason for Ní Mháille's seizure of Doona Castle in Ballycroy was because the MacMahons, who owned the castle, killed her lover, Hugh de Lacy, a young boy who was easily fifteen years younger than her, the shipwrecked son of a Wexford merchant Ní Mháille had rescued.

One chronicler relates that Edward had requested his son " boil his body, extract the bones and carry them with the army until the Scots had been subdued.

relates the binding of Isaac, in which God tests Abraham by asking him to present his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice on Mount Moriah.

In the musical, when Valjean sings Bring Him Home, he relates Marius to a son he might have had, and begs God to save Marius ' life for Marius ' own sake.

Tradition relates that the cabaret received this name because a band of assassins broke in and killed the owner's son.

Pausanias relates that Rhea and Aphrodite rescued Creusa from being enslaved by the Greeks on account of her being the wife of Aeneas ( who was a son of Aphrodite ).

Herodotus relates also the Lydian tradition: " yet the Lydians claim a share in the latter name, saying that Asia was not named after Prometheus ' wife Asia, but after Asies, the son of Cotys, who was the son of Manes, and that from him the Asiad clan at Sardis also takes its name ".

The same saga also relates that Domalde's descendant king Aun sacrificed nine of his own sons to Odin in exchange for longer life, until the Swedes stopped him from sacrificing his last son, Egil.

One source relates that Heracles came to Nausithous to get cleansed after the murder of his children ; during his stay in the land of the Phaeacians, the hero fell in love with the nymph Melite and conceived a son Hyllus with her.

However, Diodorus Siculus relates that when Heracles was still Omphale's slave, before Omphale ( daughter of Iardanus ) set Heracles free and married him, Heracles fathered a son, Cleodaeus, on a slave-woman.

John Macky, relates a short description of the circumstances leading up to Charles, Lord Halifax's impeachment, in the Secret Service Papers published by his son in 1733.

After he relates his sorrowful story to them, Theseus enters, and in contrast to the prying chorus states, " I know all about you, son of Laius.

Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks relates that Hjörvard, the son of Arngrim, promised at his bragarfull to wed Ingeborg the princess of Sweden, and the legends of Ragnar Lodbrok relate that the Geatish jarl Herraud promised his daughter to anyone who could liberate her from a dragon or talk to her in its presence.

The Prose Lancelot relates that when Igraine became Uther's wife she left behind in the dukedom of Tintagel a son of the Duke of Tintagel by a previous marriage.

She specifically relates her attempts to seduce Höss in an effort to persuade him that her blond, blue-eyed, German-speaking son should be allowed to leave the camp and enter the Lebensborn program, in which he would be raised as a German child.

The word Chagatai relates to the Chagatai Khanate, a descendant empire of the Mongol Empire, which was left to Genghis Khan's second son, Chagatai Khan.

In 2010 the German filmmaker Percy Adlon and his son Felix Adlon released their film Mahler auf der Couch ( Mahler on the Couch ), which relates Gustav Mahler's tormented relationship with his wife Alma and his meeting with Sigmund Freud in 1910.

Genesis 4: 17 relates that after arriving in the Land of Nod, Cain's wife bore him a son, Enoch, in whose name he built the first city.

One of the sources where the story of Hagbard appears is in Gesta Danorum, Book 7, which relates the love between Hagbarthus son of Hamundus and Signe daughter of King Sigarus despite Hagbarthus having slain her brothers.

One of the stories in the One Thousand and One Nights relates how Prince Husain, the eldest son of Sultan of the Indies, travels to Bisnagar ( Vijayanagara ) in India and buys a magic carpet This carpet is described as follows: Whoever sitteth on this carpet and willeth in thought to be taken up and set down upon other site will, in the twinkling of an eye, be borne thither, be that place nearhand or distant many a day's journey and difficult to reach ..

The story of Prometheus ' sacrifice-trick in Hesiod's Theogony relates how Prometheus tricked Zeus into choosing the bones and fat of the first sacrificial animal rather than the meat to justify why, after a sacrifice, the Greeks offered the bones wrapped in fat to the gods while keeping the meat for themselves.

To support his assertion, he relates a story ( excerpted by John of Damascus ) that a pagan commissioned to paint an image of Jesus used the " Zeus " form instead of the " Semitic " form, and that as punishment his hands withered.

However, Hesiod relates that Zeus saw through the trick and responded in a fury.

This version is to some extent confirmed by Aelian, who relates that Zeus assumed the shape of a dove to seduce a certain Phthia.

Apollonius Rhodius relates that she gave to the infant Zeus a beautiful globe ( sphaira ) to play with, and on some Cretan coins Zeus is represented sitting upon a globe.

Lycophron ( 1191 ) relates that Zeus ' mother, that is Rhea, is skilled in wrestling, having cast the former queen Eurynome into Tartarus.

The odd connection between Picus and Ninus reappears in John of Nikiû's Chronicle ( 6. 2f ) which relates that Cronus was the first king of Assyria and Persia, that he married an Assyrian woman named Rhea and that she bore him Picus ( who was also called Zeus ) and Ninus who founded the city of Ninus ( Nineveh ).

One commentator relates the prophecy to the actions of Caligula c. 40 AD when he ordered that a golden statue depicting himself as Zeus incarnate be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem.

In the seventh fragment of Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, quoted by Constantine Porphyrogenitus, we read: " Macedonia the country was named after Makedon, the son of Zeus and Thyia, daughter of Deucalion, as the poet Hesiod relates ;