More recent surveys have suggested a decline, with 29. 4 % of mail servers in August 2007 detected as running Sendmail in a study performed by E-Soft, Inc. Sendmail is trailed by Microsoft Exchange Server, Exim, and Postfix ; these four being the only mail servers with more than 10 % of the total.

Exim is a mail transfer agent ( MTA ) used on Unix-like operating systems.

Exim 4 is currently the default MTA on Debian GNU / Linux systems.

Exim is also widely used with the GNU Mailman mailing list manager, and cPanel.

Since the redesigned version 4 was released there have been three remote code execution flaws and one conceptual flaw concerning how much trust it is appropriate to place in the run-time user ; the latter was fixed in a security lockdown in revision 4. 73, one of the very rare occasions when Exim has broken backwards compatibility with working configurations.

Exim is highly configurable, and therefore has features that are lacking in other MTAs.

The native school keeps the Exim configuration in one file and external files are only used as data sources ; this is strongly influenced by Philip Hazel's preferences and notes on performance as the configuration file is re-read at every exec, which involves post-fork for new mails and at delivery.

Because the Debian approach diverges significantly from the Exim one it is common to find a lack of support for the Debian approach on the regular Exim mailing-lists and users are pointed towards the Debian-specific list.

Exim has extensive and exhaustive documentation ; if a feature or some behaviour is not documented then this is classed as a bug.

The Exim Specification is available in multiple formats, including online in HTML and in plain-text for fast searching.

Exim is designed to deliver email immediately, without queueing.

:" The bottom line is that Exim does not perform particularly well in environments where the queue regularly gets very large.

Historically, Exim used a peculiar version numbering scheme where the first decimal digit is updated only whenever the main documentation is fully up to date ; until that time, changes were accumulated in the file NewStuff.

Most discussion about Exim takes place on the Exim mailing-lists ; it is, after all, a mail transfer agent.

There is also an Exim Wiki, a site for new users and a serverfault tag.

Some MTAs like Exim are capable of detecting whether or not the connection is closed with the quit command and can track patterns of use for the purpose of building DNSBLs.

Most open-source MTAs have retry rules set to attempt delivery after around fifteen minutes ( Sendmail default is 0, 15, ..., Exim default is 0, 15, ..., Postfix default is 0, 16. 6, ..., Qmail default is 0, 6: 40, 26: 40, ..., Courier default is 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 35, 40, 70, 75, 80 ,...).

The list of software packages using GnuTLS includes GNOME, CenterIM, Exim, Weechat, Mutt, slrn, Lynx, CUPS and gnoMint.

It was originally designed to be a drop-in replacement for qmail-smtpd, the SMTP component of qmail, and it is now also compatible with Postfix, Exim, sendmail and virtually any software that " speaks SMTP ".

Instead, Exim separates the components out in terms of invocation and has well-defined stages during which it gains or loses privileges.

* Many MTAs like Exim, Sendmail, and Postfix can be configured to absolutely block or ( less commonly ) to accept email based on a DNSBL listing.

With MTAs such as Sendmail and Exim that make one connection at a time, high performance can be achieved by submitting limited batches of mail in parallel.

Exim ’ s security record has been fairly clean, with only a handful of serious security problems diagnosed over the years.

Chaudhry derided the revelations as " laughable ," and said that they showed no connection whatsoever between himself and India's Exim Bank, or with the Indian government loan.

Chaudhry derided the revelations as " laughable ," and said that they showed no connection whatsoever between himself and India's Exim Bank, or with the Indian government loan.

Exim, like Smail, still follows the Sendmail design model, where a single binary controls all the facilities of the MTA.

The banking system consists of the Central Bank of the Comoros ( Banque Centrale des Comores ) established in 1981 that had three offices ( Moroni ( Grande-Comore ), Mutsamudu ( Anjouan ) and Fomboni ( Mohéli )); the Bank for Industry and Commerce ( Banque pour l ' Industrie et le Commerce — BIC ), a commercial bank established in 1990 that had six branches in 1993 and was a subsidiary of the National Bank of Paris — International ( Banque Nationale de Paris — Internationale ); the Development Bank of Comoros ( Banque de Développement des Comores ), established in 1982, which provided support for small and midsize development projects, the Federal Bank of Commerce ( Banque Fédérale de Commerce ) and the Exim Bank Comores Ltd.

The first version of Exim was written in 1995 by Philip Hazel for use in the University of Cambridge Computing Service ’ s e-mail systems.

This made Exim very suitable for enforcing diverse mail policies.

There are two main schools of configuration style for Exim.

The documentation consists of The Exim Specification and two ancillary files: the experimental specification for features that might disappear and " NewStuff ", which tracks very recent changes that might not have been fully integrated into the main specification.

In more recent times, the document preparation system for Exim has been overhauled and changes are much more likely to just go immediately into The Exim Specification.

Government plans for privatisation of the airline in 1999 to a consortium which include Air France was suspended when the Central Bank of Madagascar defaulted on payments to Exim Bank for the airlines ' Boeing 747.

Despite this, some MTAs, notably Exim and qmail, relay mail to servers that do not advertise 8BITMIME without performing the conversion to 7-bit MIME ( typically quoted-printable, " Q-P conversion ") required by RFC 6152.

Exim has been ported to most Unix-like systems, as well as to Microsoft Windows using the Cygwin emulation layer.

A large number of Exim installations exist, especially within Internet service providers and universities in the UK.

Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

The content is not the same, however: rather than individual security, it is the security and continuing existence of an `` ideological group '' -- those in the `` free world '' -- that is basic.

To him, law is the command of the sovereign ( the English monarch ) who personifies the power of the nation, while sovereignty is the power to make law -- i.e., to prevail over internal groups and to be free from the commands of other sovereigns in other nations.

An order can be chanced rather than chosen, and this approach produces an experience that is `` free and discovered rather than bound and remembered ''.

Yet often fear persists because, even with the most rigid ritual, one is never quite free from the uneasy feeling that one might make some mistake or that in every previous execution one had been unaware of the really decisive act.

Hence the prime issue, as I see it, is whether a democratic or free society can master technology for the benefit of mankind, or whether technology will rule and develop its own society compatible with its own needs as a force of nature.

At that point we reach the `` closed '' historical situation: the situation in which man is no longer free to return to a status quo ante.

Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot, the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government.

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '', `` individual initiative '', `` the democratic way '', `` government of the people '', `` competition of the marketplace '', etc., we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas, bureaucracy is corroding representative government, technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions, and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground ''.

The new spirit, so well illustrated by Mr. Lyford's work, is wholly free of this anxiety.

The Agreeable Autocracies is an attempt to explore some of the institutions which both reflect and determine the character of the free society today.

It is not implied that formal principles and procedures are so firmly entrenched within the public order of the world community or even of free commonwealths that they will control in all circumstances involving Jews and Gentiles during coming years.

Even to be `` from hope and fear set free '' is at least better than to have lost the first without having got rid of the second.

`` This '', he said, `` is exactly what has been happening between the politically free nations in the postwar world.

What is required is the full implementation of Article 2 of the Treaty, which provides: `` The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being.

That time is now past and the Atlantic nations, if they are to survive, must develop a full-fledged community, and they must also look beyond the frontiers of `` Western civilization '' toward a world-wide `` concert of free nations ''.

The burden of these reflections is that a broader unity among the free nations is at the core of our needs.