There were also smaller factions within the Italian Fascist movement, such as the clerical Fascists, who sought to shift Italian Fascism from its anti-Catholic roots to accepting Catholicism.

The term " Fascism " was first used in 1915 by members of Mussolini's movement, the Fasci of Revolutionary Action.

Prior to Fascism's accommodation of the political right, Fascism was a small, urban, northern Italian movement that had about a thousand members.

The classic definition of Italian Fascism applies to the latter part of the history of the movement in power, when Italy was firmly under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.

Some of his work from the early 1980s includes ( anthologized in The Abolition of Work and Other Essays ) highlights his critiques of the nuclear freeze movement (" Anti-Nuclear Terror "), the editors of Processed World (" Circle A Deceit: A Review of Processed World "), radical feminists (" Feminism as Fascism "), and right wing libertarians (" The Libertarian As Conservative ").

Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 Modern Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of Italian Fascism, but differentiating itself from some forms of fascism in that Salgado did not preach racism.

In the post-war years, Evola's writings were held in high esteem by members of the Neo-fascist movement in Italy, and because of this, he was put on trial from June through November 1951 on the charge of attempting to revive Fascism in Italy.

He would maintain the view that a revolutionary movement, similar to Fascism but in harmony with " Tradition ", was necessary for the return to a higher form of civilization.

Mussolini even reached out to ex-communist Nicola Bombacci, a former student of Vladimir Lenin to help him in spreading the image that Fascism was a progressive movement.

National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as Il Duce (" The Leader ") of the movement and became a reference to the dictator position of Head of Government and Duce of Fascism ( Capo del Governo e Duce del Fascismo ) of Italy was established in 1925 by Mussolini which he personally held until 1943.

Historian Stanley G. Payne writes in his study of Fascism, " The Legion was arguably the most unusual mass movement of interwar Europe.

After joining Benito Mussolini's movement in Florence, he took part in several actions of the Blackshirts, and led a squad during the 1922 March on Rome-the moment when Fascism took over in Italy.

Fascism is something unique in modern history, in that it is a revolutionary movement of the middle class directed, on the one hand, against the great banks and big business and, on the other hand, against the revolutionary demands of the working class.

De Ambris, however, was a staunch opponent of Fascism, calling the movement " a filthy pawn.

Several leaders of the Indian independence movement, including Mahatma Gandhi, expressed strong opposition against Nazism and Fascism but termed Britain's " war to save democracy " as hypocrisy since it was denying democratic rights and individual liberties to Indians.

Subash Chandra Bose, one of the most prominent leaders of the revolutionary independence movement, termed Britain's opposition to Nazism and Fascism as " hypocrisy " since it was itself violating human rights and denying individual liberties in India.

* Michele Bianchi, a founding member of the Italian Fascism movement

Socialist realism is an example of a form of expression that would be likely to be accused of workerism in this sense, but this also applies to Liberalism and Fascism, such as Franco's Falangist movement, which often used propaganda showing workers living and working in equitable conditions.

Italian Fascism utilized the colour black as a symbol of their movement, black being the colour of the uniforms of their paramilitaries, known as Blackshirts.

He began opening up to Fascism and Nazism, and created his own movement, the Romanian Front, which survived through the increasingly authoritarian regime of Carol II, the National Legionary State, and most of World War II, officially ending around 1944.

The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement that revives Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates World War II.

A famous historian of Fascism, Zeev Sternhell, has identified personalism with fascism in a very controversial manner, claiming that Mounier's personalism movement " shared ideas and political reflexes with fascism ".

The band successfully had their music removed from the campaign video and showed opposition to the BNP by joining the " Folk Against Fascism " movement.

The Fascists began their attempt to entrench Fascism in Italy with the Acerbo Law, which guaranteed a plurality of the seats in parliament to any party or coalition list in an election that received 25 % or more of the vote.

Italian Fascism involved corporatism, a political system in which the economy is collectively managed by employers, workers, and state officials by formal mechanisms at the national level.

Mussolini argued that Italian Fascism acknowledged the positive achievements of dynamic and heroic capitalism for its contribution to industrialism and its technical developments, but that it did not favour supercapitalism, which he claimed was incompatible with Italy's agricultural sector.

" He saw Fascism as the next logical step to solve the problems of supercapitalism and claimed that " our path would lead inexorably into state capitalism, which is nothing more nor less than state socialism turned on its head.

Italian Fascism, which derives its name from the fasces, arguably used this symbolism the most in the 20th century.

After the generally primitivistic / irrationalist aspect of pre-World War I Modernism, which for many modernists precluded any attachment to merely political solutions, and the neoclassicism of the 1920s, as represented most famously by T. S. Eliot and Igor Stravinsky — which rejected popular solutions to modern problems — the rise of Fascism, the Great Depression, and the march to war helped to radicalise a generation.

Fascism is a form of authoritarian nationalism which stresses absolute loyalty and obedience to the state, whose purpose is to serve the interests of its nation alone.

In 1991 Le Pen's invite to London by Conservative MP's was militantly protested by large numbers coordinated by the Campaign Against Fascism in Europe, CAFE, which led to a surge of anti-fascist groups and activity across Europe.

This crisis led to the advent of Fascism, which destroyed freedoms and civil rights and established a dictatorship, breaking the continuity of the still fragile new parliamentary tradition.

The country went through successive crises after the war: the 1922 – 1926 General Strike ; the Great Depression of 1929 – 32 ; the rise of communist Bolshevism after 1917 and Fascism after 1922 ; the Spanish Civil War 1936 onwards ; the invasion of Abyssinia 1936 ; the League of Nations Crisis which followed ; and the re-armament and resurgence of Germany from 1933, leading into another World War.

They moved to Denmark, where Reich was excluded from the Danish Communist Party in November 1933 ( without ever having joined it ) over his promotion of teenage sex and the publication that year of The Mass Psychology of Fascism, which they regarded as " counterrevolutionary.

The area was originally chosen in 1930s as the site for the 1942 world's fair which Benito Mussolini planned to open to celebrate twenty years of Fascism ; the letters EUR standing for Esposizione Universale Roma.

Cioran, Eliade, and Ţuţea became supporters of the ideas that their philosophy professor, Nae Ionescu, had become a fervent advocate of a tendency deemed Trăirism, which fused Existentialism with ideas common in various forms of Fascism.

He held similar views about Italian fascism, welcoming victories in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, arguing that: " Fascism is a shock, without which Italy is a compromise comparable to today's Romania ".

Critics of the KPD accused it of having pursued a sectarian policy – e. g. the Social Democratic Party criticized the KPD's thesis of Social Fascism ( which addressed the SPD as the Communist's main enemy ).

In the early 1960s, he was instrumental in constructing a large set of housing, financial, educational, electoral and other benefits to be granted to a large category of people called " Active Fighters against Capitalism and Fascism " who had ostensibly been members of the rather modest Bulgarian Wartime resistance and which was expanded to absurd proportions.

The eminent scholar of Fascism, Renzo De Felice, maintained that while Evola's spiritual, neo-idealist racial theories were wrong, they had a notable intellectual ancestry, and Evola defended them in an honorable way: " Evola for his part completely refused any racial theorizing of a purely biological kind, which went so far as to draw to himself the attacks and sarcasms of a Landra, for example.

Moreover, these divisions, which included accusations of Trotskyism ( and even Fascism ) by the Communists, resulted in actual fighting between their supporters ; most notably, in 1937, a primarily-Communist coalition of government forces attacked the POUM during the Barcelona May Days.

Despite his anti-democratic leanings and his allegiance to the Action Française ( he was a member of their youth organization, the Camelots du Roi ), from which he finally departed in 1932, he was able to see the danger in Fascism and Nazism ( which he described as " disgusting monstrousness ") before World War II broke out in Europe.

Italians chose a republic to replace the monarchy, which had been closely associated with Fascism.