The word gerrymander was reprinted numerous times in Federalist newspapers in Massachusetts, New England, and nationwide during the remainder of 1812.

The new party set up newspapers that made withering critiques of Hamiltonianism, extolled the yeomen farmer, argued for strict construction of the Constitution, favored the French Revolution, strongly opposed Great Britain, and called for stronger state governments than the Federalist Party was proposing.

The Federalist Papers appeared in three New York newspapers: the Independent Journal, the New-York Packet, and the Daily Advertiser, beginning on October 27, 1787.

New essays continued to appear in the newspapers ; Federalist No. 77 was the last number to appear first in that form, on April 2.

The most influential Federalists were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, the anonymous authors of the Federalist Papers, a series of 85 essays published in New York newspapers, under the pen name " Publius ".

Federalist's newspapers editors and others at the time likened the district shape to a salamander, and one Federalist leader undoubtedly said, rather than describe it as salamander " call it a gerrymander, after Governor Gerry.

The essays were published from October, 1787, through April, 1788, during the same period The Federalist was appearing in New York newspapers.

In the battle over the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787 – 1788, Governor George Clinton in Albany, wishing to preserve his independent power, led the local Anti-Federalists in opposition, with support for the Constitution coming from Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, largely urbanites who saw opportunity in a stronger national union, and famously published as their manifesto the Federalist Papers in New York City newspapers.

Some New York City businessmen proposed New York City secession as an alternative to join the union separately, but Alexander Hamilton and others argued persuasively in the Federalist Papers published in city newspapers for state ratification, which after much dispute finally passed in 1788.

Like most of the Anti-Federalist essays and the vast majority of the Federalist Papers, No. 10 first appeared in popular newspapers.

It is widely believed by historians that Federalist newspaper editors Nathan Hale, Benjamin and John Russell were the instigators, but the historical record gives no definitive evidence as to who created or uttered the word for the first time.

He called on fellow Federalist editors to " all agree to let the clubs alone — publish nothing for or against them.

Central documents include the Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ), the Constitution ( 1787 ), the Federalist Papers ( 1788 ), the Bill of Rights ( 1791 ), and Lincoln's " Gettysburg Address " ( 1863 ), among others.

A compilation of these and eight others, called The Federalist ; or, The New Constitution, was published in two volumes in 1788 by J. and A. McLean.

The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies is an organization of conservative and libertarian lawyers and others dedicated to debate of these principles.

The war destroyed the Federalist Party, and opened roles as national candidates to generals Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison among others, as well as civilian leaders James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Henry Clay.

However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that " it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense.

His warnings took on added significance with the recent creation of the Democratic-Republican Party by Jefferson, to oppose Hamilton's Federalist Party, which had been created a year earlier in 1791, which in many ways promoted the interest of certain regions and groups of Americans over others.

The Heritage Foundation, Cato Institute, Pacific Research Institute, the American Principles Project, the Hoover Institution, the Federalist Society, the Sutherland Institute, the Heartland Institute, and others have published books, op-eds, policy research, and appeared at conferences, forums and in the media against the Common Core.

His formal education ended before he reached 14, when he began studying Law at the office of Francis Sylvester, a prominent Federalist attorney in Kinderhook.

" Jefferson took the oath of office on March 4, 1801, at a time when partisan strife between the Democratic-Republican and Federalist parties was growing to alarming proportions.

He was at various times a member of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties.

The political mood at the start of the 1820s was referred to as the Era of Good Feelings, following the collapse of the Federalist party.

Madison was at first a Federalist until he opposed the establishment of Hamilton's First Bank of the United States in 1791.

As for Virginia, which only ratified the Constitution at its convention on June 25, Hamilton writes in a letter to Madison that the collected edition of The Federalist had been sent to Virginia ; Furtwangler presumes that it was to act as a " debater's handbook for the convention there ," though he claims that this indirect influence would be a " dubious distinction.

Webster became increasingly interested in politics ; raised by an ardently Federalist father and taught by a predominantly Federalist-leaning faculty at Dartmouth, Webster, like many New Englanders, supported Federalism.

Between 1812 and 1816 divisions developed between an Unitarist faction centred on Buenos Aires and a Federalist faction in the provinces, which eventually led to a series of civil wars that ended with the conquest of Buenos Aires by Federalist caudillos at the Battle of Cepeda in 1820.

Similar movements concurrently formed in many other countries, leading to the formation, at a 1947 meeting in Montreux, Switzerland, of a global coalition, now called World Federalist Movement.

The Federalist Society began at Yale Law School, Harvard Law School, and the University of Chicago Law School in 1982 as a student organization that challenged what its members perceived as the orthodox American liberal ideology found in most law schools.

I was president of the Federalist Society chapter at my law school, worked on the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal and wrote speeches for President Bush — not the " Read My Lips " Bush, the " Axis of Evil " Bush.

Thomas Jefferson, who was serving as Minister to France at the time, was neither a Federalist nor an Anti-federalist but decided to remain neutral and accept either outcome.

A Federalist journal looks at France: a case study of emerging nationalism in the 1790s ( thesis / dissertation ).

Trying to attract the former Federalist voters to their side at the next gubernatorial election in April 1820, both factions of the Democratic-Republican Party supported King, who served another term in the U. S. Senate until March 4, 1825.

He later became the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Law at Boston University, where he served as the faculty adviser for the Federalist Society.

After serving as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention ( which he was the youngest member of, at the age of 26 ), he became a prominent Federalist legislator.

The Federalist Party had collapsed, and the victorious Democratic-Republican Party had become diffuse, so no formal party affiliations existed at this time.

In April 2006, the Federalist Society of Chipman's alma mater, the University of Cincinnati College of Law, officially honored Chipman, renaming its local chapter the " Norton Parker Chipman Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies at the University of Cincinnati College of Law.

As did most of the people of New England, at that time, Dagget aligned himself with the Federalist Party.

Having lost the Federalist vote in Brimfield because of his outspokenness, Eaton failed at his bid for re-election.

Some sources indicate that he was not affiliated with any party at the time, although he was associated, according to other sources, with the Federalist Party and later with the National Republican Party.

Alexander Hamilton emphasized in The Federalist that this New York constitutional provision expressly made the common law subject " to such alterations and provisions as the legislature shall from time to time make concerning the same.

As the Federalist party by this time had almost completely disintegrated, Madison was selected in the election of 1808, easily defeating Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.

By the end of 1800, peace with France had been declared, and in 1801, to prevent a second disarmament of the Navy, the outgoing Federalist administration rushed through Congress an act authorizing a peacetime navy for the first time, which limited the navy to six active frigates and seven in ordinary, as well as 45 officers and 150 midshipmen.

Around this time he first met fellow officers and future Federalist statesmen Alexander Hamilton and James McHenry.

Nevertheless, despite the Federalist opposition, the treaty with Tripoli was ratified by the Senate in April 1806, and the United States entered into an agreement with a Barbary state that, for the first time, did not include the payment of tribute.

During that time, McHenry continued frequent correspondence with his friends and associates, in particular Timothy Pickering and Benjamin Tallmadge, with whom he maintained Federalist ideals and exchanged progress of the war.

By this time Bassett was formally a member of the Federalist Party, and as such was elected Governor of Delaware in 1799.

By this time, detestation of Thomas Jefferson, his one-time decentralist ally, led Martin to embrace the Federalist Party, in apparent repudiation of everything he had argued for so strenuously.

At this time James Madison concurred with Hamilton, arguing in Federalist No. 44 that without this clause, the constitution would be a " dead letter ".

The court ruled against Maryland, and Chief Justice John Marshall, Hamilton's long time Federalist ally, wrote the opinion, which stated that while the Constitution did not explicitly give permission to create a federal bank, it had the implied power to do so under the Necessary and Proper Clause in order to realize or fulfill its express taxing and spending powers.

He repeatedly ran for election to the United States House of Representatives in the 1790s, losing each time to Federalist Dwight Foster.

In January 1793, Williams ran again as a Democratic-Republican for Congress, this time in the 9th District to which Washington County had been re-districted, but was defeated by Federalist James Gordon.

In 1812 he ran unsuccessfully for the US Senate, losing due to a recent shift from being a Federalist to a Republican at a time when Vermont was controlled by the Federalists.

For example, Alexander Hamilton emphasized in The Federalist that the New York Constitution made the common law subject " to such alterations and provisions as the legislature shall from time to time make concerning the same.

He later broke with the Federalist party and by the time of the next election he was a Democratic-Republican, in which he was elected to another term in the House of Representatives from March 4, 1819 until he resigned on January 6, 1826.