Serum Ferritin: Ferritin, a protein synthesized by the liver is the primary form of iron storage within cells and tissues.

Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion.

Ferritin is a globular protein complex consisting of 24 protein subunits and is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, keeping iron in a soluble and non-toxic form.

Ferritin that is not combined with iron is called apoferritin.

Ferritin is a protein of 450 kDa consisting of 24 subunits that is present in every cell type.

Ferritin serves to store iron in a non-toxic form, to deposit it in a safe form, and to transport it to areas where it is required.

Ferritin is also used in materials science as a precursor in making iron nanoparticles for carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition.

Ferritin is also used as a marker for iron overload disorders, such as hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis.

The heavy chain of Ferritin also possesses ferroxidase activity, this involves the conversion of iron from the ferrous ( Fe2 +) to ferric ( Fe 3 +) forms.

Ferritin complexes in humans carry about 4500 iron atoms and form into 24 protein subunits of two different types.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) has concluded that " of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.

These enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions may be performed at the temperatures and concentrations present within a cell.

It is however often difficult to identify the specific components in diet that serve to increase or decrease cancer risk since many food, such as beef steak and broccoli, contain low concentrations of both carcinogens and anticarcinogens.

According to the latest Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, " most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations ".

Low concentrations of HDL ( below 40 mg / dL for men, below 50 mg / dL for women ) increase the risk for atherosclerotic diseases.

When renin levels are elevated, the concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone increase, leading to increased sodium chloride reabsorption, expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment, and an increase in blood pressure.

Halon concentrations have continued to increase, as the halons presently stored in fire extinguishers are released, but their rate of increase has slowed and their abundances are expected to begin to decline by about 2020.

Exposure to light, physical damage, and age increase glycoalkaloid content within the tuber ; the highest concentrations occur just underneath the skin.

As assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ), " of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations ".

The IPCC's conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects the current thinking of the scientific community on this issue.

These findings led them to propose the paradox of intensification, which states " Ceteris paribus, urban intensification which increases population density will reduce per capita car use, with benefits to the global environment, but will also increase concentrations of motor traffic, worsening the local environment in those locations where it occurs ".

The mechanism by which amphetamines increase synaptic levels of dopamine is to release dopamine from pre-synaptic vesicles, increasing concentrations of dopamine in the cytosol of the pre-synaptic neuron.

Conversely, supplementation with L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-DOPA, or any of the cofactors will increase their respective concentrations.

They are coupled to G < sub > s </ sub > and increase the cellular concentrations of cAMP by the activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase.

A 2006 study in Japan found that laser printers increase concentrations of styrene, xylenes, and ozone, and that inkjet printers emitted pentanol.

Visceral fat, which is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat, has been found to produce many enzymatic signals, e. g. resistin, which increase insulin resistance and circulating VLDL particle concentrations, thus both increasing LDL particle concentrations and accelerating the development of Diabetes Mellitus.

The release of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > from the ER causes an increase in the cytosolic and mitochondrial concentrations of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >.

If this compensatory increase does not occur, blood glucose concentrations increase and type 2 diabetes occurs.

By studying how quickly the reagent species disappears in the presence of differing concentrations of a ( usually stable ) co-reagent species the reaction rate constant at the low temperature of the CRESU flow can be determined.

Due to the highly basic charge of all four core histones, the histone octamer is stable only in the presence of DNA or very high salt concentrations.

This is due mainly to the fact that these species can grow in the presence of high sucrose, ethanol, acetic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and sulphur dioxide concentrations, representing some of the commonly used food preservation methods.

Dioxins are produced in small concentrations when organic material is burned in the presence of chlorine, whether the chlorine is present as chloride ions or as organochlorine compounds, so they are widely produced in many contexts.

High concentrations of solutes, extremes of pH, mechanical forces, and the presence of chemical denaturants can do the same.

The nature of the solvent, the pH of the solution, temperature, high electrolyte concentrations, and the presence of interfering substances can influence the absorption spectrum.

Chlorophyll concentrations in the surface water go from negligible, in the absence of winds, to very active at more than 1. 5 milligrams per cubic meter in the presence of the winds.

Because the ELISA can be performed to evaluate either the presence of antigen or the presence of antibody in a sample, it is a useful tool for determining serum antibody concentrations ( such as with the HIV test or West Nile virus ).

Some experiments have demonstrated that static fluid pressure may explain the presence of hydrocarbon concentrations at depths where their composition would not otherwise be expected.

Developmental arrest was induced by in vitro culture of P. falciparum in the presence of sub lethal concentrations of artemisinin.

The presence of supra-physiological glucose concentrations, acidity, and glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids contribute to the fibrosis of the peritoneal mesothelium, either by epithelial-mesenchymal transition or increased proliferation of existing fibroblasts.

The northern end of Old Bond Street, in particular, is also notable as one of the world ’ s greatest concentrations of outlets of upmarket jewellers, to the extent that presence on the strip may now be regarded as de rigueur for any brand wishing to proclaim the highest international standing.

Once the offensive against Army Group Centre had been initiated, lacking mobile reserves and support, it would create a crisis in the central sector that would force the German armoured forces north to Belorussia from Poland and Romania, despite the presence of powerful Soviet concentrations threatening German-occupied Poland.

Negatives are that it is caustic to the skin, lungs, and eyes ( especially at higher concentrations ); like many common disinfectants, it degrades in the presence of organic substances ; it has a strong odor ; it is not effective against Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium ; and extreme caution must be taken not to combine it with ammonia or any acid ( such as vinegar ), as this can cause noxious gases to be formed.

Many of today's biosensor applications are similar, in that they use organisms which respond to toxic substances at a much lower concentrations than humans can detect to warn of their presence.

The dual regulation causes the lactose metabolism enzymes to be made in small quantities in the presence of both glucose and lactose ( sometimes called leaky expression ) due to lactose ( the inducer ) inhibiting LacI ( the repressor protein ) from binding to the operator, but at high cAMP concentrations and in the presence of lactose there are high levels of expression ( Phase II in Figure 2 ).

* The riboswitch is a ribozyme that cleaves itself in the presence of sufficient concentrations of its metabolite.

Spain concentrated on building its empire on the central and southern parts of the Americas allotted to it by the Treaty of Tordesillas, because of presence of large, settled societies like the Aztec, the Inca, the Maya and the Chibcha, whose human and material resources it could exploit, and large concentrations of silver and gold.

remains the same because the presence of the inhibitor can be overcome by higher substrate concentrations.

However, changes in membrane density and fluidity in the presence of clinical concentrations of general anaesthetics are so small that relatively small increases in temperature (~ 1 ° C ) can mimic them without causing anaesthesia.

Post holes, a sunken area and concentrations of flints, burning and other artefacts indicate the presence of a structure approximately wide.

In particular, monomers were dominant at concentrations below 10 < sup >− 10 </ sup >− 10 < sup >− 11 </ sup > M in the presence of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >, but they converted into tetramers at lactoferrin concentrations above 10 < sup >− 9 </ sup >− 10 < sup >− 10 </ sup > M. Titer of lactoferrin in the blood corresponds to this particular " transition concentration " and thus lactoferrin in the blood should be presented both as a monomer and tetramer.