Ferromagnetism is the physical theory which explains how materials become magnets.

Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials ( such as iron ) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.

Ferromagnetism is very important in industry and modern technology, and is the basis for many electrical and electromechanical devices such as electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage such as tape recorders, and hard disks.

Ferromagnetism involves an additional phenomenon, however: the dipoles tend to align spontaneously, giving rise to a spontaneous magnetization, even when there is no applied field.

: Not to be confused with Ferromagnetism ; for an overview see Magnetism

Ferromagnetism was already known when ferroelectricity was discovered in 1920 in Rochelle salt by Valasek.

* Richard M. Bozorth, Ferromagnetism, Wiley-IEEE Press ( 1993 reissue ), ISBN 0-7803-1032-2.

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Outstanding among these is the idea of human nature itself, including the many definitions that have been advanced over the centuries ; ;

`` It would be a disgrace, and, as I have already said to the people of Tennessee, if Hearst is nominated, we may as well pen a dispatch, and send it back from the field of battle: ' All is lost, including our honor ' ''.

There is, of course, nothing new about dystopias, for they belong to a literary tradition which, including also the closely related satiric utopias, stretches from at least as far back as the eighteenth century and Swift's Gulliver's Travels to the twentieth century and Zamiatin's We, Capek's War With The Newts, Huxley's Brave New World, E. M. Forster's `` The Machine Stops '', C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, and which in science fiction is represented before the present deluge as early as Wells's trilogy, The Time Machine, `` A Story Of The Days To Come '', and When The Sleeper Wakes, and as recently as Jack Williamson's `` With Folded Hands '' ( 1947 ), the classic story of men replaced by their own robots.

The brush moves up and down and is small enough to clean every dental surface, including the back of the teeth.

This periodical, including weekly statistical supplements, is available for $4 per year from Commerce Field Offices or Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C..

He is already beginning to box the compass of alternative lines of action, including doing nothing.

What is the probable attitude of other governments, including those less directly involved??

If your principal place of abode for the tax year is outside the United States ( including Alaska and Hawaii ), Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands and you have no legal residence or principal place of business in any Internal Revenue district in the United States, you should file your return with the Office of International Operations, Internal Revenue Service, Washington 25, D.C..

The copy itself, including any text or illustrations, is reproduced in full color directly on a thin Mylar polyester film by a photo screen process.

There is a large variety of models to choose from in most countries, however, including 6-passenger sedans and station wagons and the rental fee isn't all that much greater than for the wee sedans.

Physicochemical investigations of anionic surfactants, including the soaps, have shown that there is little polymerization or agglomeration of the chain anions below a certain region of concentration called the critical micelle concentration.

Each card is expected to show certain information about the individual concerned, including his or her date of birth ( or age at a specified time ), spouses, and children.

For our present purposes we assume that the sole subject of bargaining is the basic wage rate ( not including productivity improvement factors or cost-of-living adjustments ), and it is this basic wage rate which determines the level of costs.

If one characteristic distinguishes Boris Godunov, it is the consistency with which every person on the stage -- including the chorus -- comes alive in the music.

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But the fact remains that in most restaurants, including some of the best of Paris and Bordeaux and Dijon, the bottle is frankly and simply brought from the cellar to the table when ordered, and all the conditioning or preparation it ever receives takes place while the chef is preparing the meal.

The farm value of seeds produced in this country for all purposes, including the cereals, is nearly 10 billion dollars a year.

Other witnesses, after appearances before the jury, which reportedly is probing into possible income tax violations, disclosed that government prosecutors were attempting to connect Stein and his company with a number of gangsters, including Glimco and Alex.

From International Airport in Los Angeles to International Airport in Houston, as the great four-jet Boeing 707 flies, is a routine five hours and 25 minutes, including stopovers at Phoenix, El Paso, and San Antonio.

There is A growing conviction among pastors and Church leaders that all those who come into the fellowship of the Church need preparatory training, including those coming by transfer of membership.

Twelve clubs, including most of the strongest clubs in the NABBP, ultimately declared themselves professional for the 1869 season.

27 twisters of great strength are reported in the Midwest, including the strongest November tornado, an estimated F4, that devastates Heber Springs, Arkansas.

One of his strongest passions appears to have been that of building, which somewhat strained his resources in contributing to the adornment of Rome ( including the new Porta Pia and Via Pia, named after him, and the northern extension ( Addizione ) of the rione of Borgo ), and in carrying on the work of restoration, erection, and fortification in various parts of the ecclesiastical states.

The New Yorker continued to publish the works of the form ’ s leading mid-century practitioners, including Shirley Jackson, whose story, The Lottery, published in 1948, elicited the strongest response in the magazine ’ s history to that time.

2009's pitching staff will go down as one of the strongest starting rotations in Giants history – the Giants sent two of their starting pitchers to the All-Star Game, including that year's starter, Tim Lincecum.

Diplomatic relations are progressing, the Ambassador of Vanuatu for Abkhazia and other countries, including Russia, has been appointed as Mrs. Te Moli Venaos Mol Saken ( Thi Tam ) Goiset, one of the strongest proponents of Vanuatu recognition of Abkhaz independence.

Between 1590 – 1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient.

During the Civil War, the Jackson Purchase region of Kentucky, including Mayfield, was the area of strongest support for the Confederate cause.

Senior officers in 7th Fleet ( including Kinkaid and his staff ) generally assumed Halsey was taking his three available carrier groups northwards ( McCain's group, the strongest in 3rd Fleet, was still returning from the direction of Ulithi ), but leaving the battleships of TF 34 covering San Bernardino Strait against the Japanese Center Force.

The strike became a symbolic struggle, since the National Union of Mineworkers ( NUM ) was one of the strongest unions in the country, viewed by many, including Conservatives in power, as having brought down the Heath government in the union's 1974 strike.

The interior of the house is generally considered its strongest asset as the Spencer family has assembled an impressive collection of portrait art including several pieces painted by the Flemish master Anthony van Dyck.

On 11 March 2011, Japan suffered the strongest recorded earthquake in its history, affecting places in the northeast of Honshū, including the Tokyo area.

He also finished second in an international tournament at Amsterdam, ahead of some well-known masters, including Isidore Gunsberg ( assessed as the second strongest player in the world at that time by Chessmetrics ).

Scott is widely considered to be a leading expert on creationism ( including intelligent design ), and one of its strongest opponents.

The years immediately after formation and up to the First World War were the most successful in the club's history, when they were one of the strongest sides in England, beating the world famous Barbarians in 1892, and producing a number of international players including E. W " Little Billy " Taylor, who captained England in the 1890s.

Many factors were to contribute to the loss of power including the loss of its strongest governor Eaton, the economic disasters of losing its only ocean-going ship and the Philadelphia disaster.

In mammals, including humans, the two strongest pathways linking the eye to the brain are those projecting to the LGNd ( dorsal part of the LGN in the thalamus ), and to the superior colliculus ( SC )

His recorded feats, including lifting 500 pounds ( 227 kg ) with three fingers and carrying 4, 337 pounds ( 1967 kg ) on his back, show Cyr to be, according to former International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness chairman Ben Weider, the strongest man ever to have lived.

It is thought of as the strongest Pokémon by some, including its clone, Mewtwo.

Critics responded favorably, including some assertions that the record was the group's strongest effort.

The scale and scope of the work is consistent with Shostakovich ’ s other symphonies as well as with those of composers considered to be his strongest influences, including Bruckner, Mahler, and Stravinsky.

As a lawyer he had one of the strongest litigation practices in Toronto, arguing many cases before the Supreme Court of Canada and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, including Edwards v. Canada ( Attorney General ).

Otago's Critic is generally seen as Salient's strongest competition and in 2005 turned the tables, sweeping a number of categories including Best Publication with Salient coming second.

The King's Gambit was one of the most popular openings for over 300 years, and has been played by many of the strongest players, in many of the greatest brilliancies, including the Immortal Game ; nonetheless, players have held widely divergent views on it.