Toumey found that the published versions of Feynman ’ s talk had a negligible influence in the twenty years after it was first published, as measured by citations in the scientific literature, and not much more influence in the decade after the Scanning Tunneling Microscope was invented in 1981.

Feynman developed the original idea of his friend into a successful invention, allowing his employer ( and friend ) to keep commercial promises he had made but could not have fulfilled otherwise.

The metaphorical use of " cargo cult " was popularized by physicist Richard Feynman at a 1974 Caltech commencement speech, which later became a chapter in his book Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman !, where he coined the phrase " cargo cult science " to describe science that had some of the trappings of real science ( such as publication in scientific journals ) but lacked a basis in honest experimentation.

In fact Richard Feynman complained that he had been taught electromagnetism from the perspective of E and B, and he wished later in life he had been taught to think in terms of the A field instead, as this would be more fundamental.

Feynman was concerned that all field theories known in the 1960s had the property that the interactions become infinitely strong at short enough distance scales.

The book features nanotechnology, which Richard Feynman had discussed in his 1959 speech There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.

Feynman's suspicions were corroborated by General Kutyna, also on the commission, who cunningly provided Feynman with a broad hint by asking about the effect of cold on O-ring seals after mentioning that the temperature on the day of the launch was far lower than had been the case with previous launches: below freezing at 28 or 29 Fahrenheit (− 2. 2 to − 1. 6 ° C ); previously, the coldest launch had been at 53 ° F ( 12 ° C ).

Feynman later reported that, although he had believed he was making discoveries about the problems at NASA on his own, he eventually realized that NASA or contractor personnel, in an apparent effort to anonymously focus attention on these problem areas, had carefully led him to the evidence which would support the conclusions on which he would later report.

In the late 1980s, Kyzyl was visited by Ralph Leighton, who had made it a quest to reach Tuva with his friend, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman.

Feynman had never formalized the bet because he couldn't define his terms sufficiently and precisely, but paid up anyway ; Feynman is also on record as saying that he was disappointed with the outcome because he had hoped his reward would stimulate some new fabrication technology, but McLellan's motor used only existing techniques.

It contains short stories, letters, photographs, and a few of the sketches that Feynman created in later life when he had learned to draw from an artist friend, Jirayr Zorthian.

The anecdotes were edited from taped conversations that Feynman had with his close friend and drumming partner Ralph Leighton.

Later in the Chapel Hill conference, Richard Feynman — who had insisted on registering under a pseudonym to express his disdain for the contemporary state of gravitational physics — used Pirani's description to point out that a passing gravitational wave should in principle cause a bead on a stick ( oriented parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave ) to slide back and forth, thus heating the bead and the stick by friction.

Feynman gave a prescription for calculating the amplitude for any given diagram from a field theory Lagrangian-the Feynman rules.

Unlike a bubble chamber picture, only the sum of all the Feynman diagrams represent any given particle interaction ; particles do not choose a particular diagram each time they interact.

The Foresight Institute has several running prizes, including the annual Feynman Prizes given in experimental and theory categories, and the $ 250, 000 Feynman Grand Prize for demonstrating two molecular machines capable of nanoscale positional accuracy and computation.

There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom is the title of a lecture given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959.

The basic rule is that if we have the probability amplitude for a given complex process involving more than one electron, then when we include ( as we always must ) the complementary Feynman diagram in which we just exchange two electron events, the resulting amplitude is the reverse – the negative – of the first.

Other examples, given by Feynman, are from educational research, psychology ( particularly parapsychology ), and physics.

* Oil drop experiment: The history of published results for this famous experiment is an example given in " Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

In the middle of the 20th century, Richard Feynman realized that the perturbative expansion could be given a dramatic and beautiful graphical representation in terms of what are now called Feynman diagrams.

In a commencement address given at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) in 1974 ( and reprinted in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

Investigating the claim further, Feynman discovered that the 1 in 10 < sup > 5 </ sup > figure was stating what they claimed that the failure rate ought to be, given that it was a manned vehicle, and working backwards to generate the failure rate of components.

The scattering amplitude for two fermions, one with initial momentum and the other with momentum, exchanging a meson with momentum k, is given by the Feynman diagram on the right.

These rules for Feynman diagrams can be obtained when we realize that the generating functional given above can be rewritten as

Suppose given a Dirac field ψ which transforms according to a ρ representation of the compact Lie group G ; and we have a background connection form of taking values in the Lie algebra The Dirac operator ( in Feynman slash notation ) is

During a 1961 lecture for undergraduate students at the California Institute of Technology, Richard Feynman, a celebrated physics teacher and Nobel Laureate, said this about the concept of energy:

In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, the Brownian ratchet or Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet is a thought experiment about an apparent perpetual motion machine first analysed in 1912 by Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski and popularised by American Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman in a physics lecture at the California Institute of Technology on May 11, 1962, and in his text The Feynman Lectures on Physics as an illustration of the laws of thermodynamics.

Feynman, " The Principle of Least Action ", an almost verbatim lecture transcript in Volume 2, Chapter 19 of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1965.

: In the first lecture, Feynman describes the basic properties of photons which acts as a gentle lead-in to the subject ( as he colloquially stated before that a science lecture is boring if either it's not using layman terms or saying something upside down ).

: In the second lecture, Feynman looks at the different paths a photon can take as it travels from one point to another and how this affects phenomena like reflection and diffraction.

: In the fourth lecture, Feynman discusses the meaning of Quantum electrodynamics and some of its problems.

Feynman's Lost Lecture: The Motion of Planets Around the Sun is a book based on a lecture by Richard Feynman.

One of the editors, David L. Goodstein, stated that at first without the photographs, it was very hard to figure out what diagrams he was referring to in the audiotapes, but a later finding of his own private lecture notes made it possible to understand completely the logical framework with which Feynman delivered the lecture.

In a non-course lecture delivered to a freshman physics audience, Feynman undertakes to present an elementary, geometric demonstration of Newton's discovery of the fact that Kepler's first observation, that the planets travel in elliptical orbits, is a necessary consequence of Kepler's other two observations.

which introduces the Feynman subscript notation ∇< sub > F </ sub >, which means the subscripted gradient operates only on the factor F.

Feynman considered a number of interesting ramifications of a general ability to manipulate matter on an atomic scale.

** QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, a 1985 book adapting lectures by Richard Feynman on quantum electrodynamics

It is based on the Hamiltonian formulation of quantum mechanics ; several other approaches exist, such as the Feynman path integral, which uses a Lagrangian formulation.

Based on Bethe's intuition and fundamental papers on the subject by Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman and Freeman Dyson, it was finally possible to get fully covariant formulations that were finite at any order in a perturbation series of quantum electrodynamics.

Near the end of his life, Richard P. Feynman gave a series of lectures on QED intended for the lay public.

) Later on this will be corrected to include specifically quantum mathematics, following Feynman.

Feynman avoids exposing the reader to the mathematics of complex numbers by using a simple but accurate representation of them as arrows on a piece of paper or screen.

Using Wick theorem on the terms of the Dyson series, all the terms of the S-matrix for quantum electrodynamics can be computed through the technique of Feynman diagrams.

* Richard Feynman on the Key to Science ( one minute, three seconds ), from the Cornell Lectures.

Consequently, it was thought a small number of people in the world, at that time, could fully understand the theory in detail, but this was discredited by Richard Feynman on video recording available on YouTube.

Though scientists often contribute to the field, many prominent scientists have felt that the practical effect on their work is limited ; a popular quote attributed to physicist Richard Feynman goes, " Philosophy of science is about as useful to scientists as ornithology is to birds.

These probability amplitudes can be represented as a complex number or equivalent vector — or, as Richard Feynman simply calls them in his book on QED, " arrows ".

The most precise value of α obtained experimentally through the present is based on a new measurement of g using a one-electron so-called " quantum cyclotron " apparatus, together with a calculation via the theory of QED that involved 891 four-loop Feynman diagrams:

For 25 years, he worked on theories about elementary particles, played a role in the discovery of the quark, and researched the analytic and high-energy properties of Feynman integrals and the foundations of S-Matrix theory.

Although Richard Feynman noted that a simplistic interpretation of the relativistic Dirac equation runs into problems with electron orbitals at Z > 1 / α = 137, suggesting that neutral atoms cannot exist beyond untriseptium, and that a periodic table of elements based on electron orbitals therefore breaks down at this point, a more rigorous analysis calculates the limit to be Z ≈ 173, but also that this limit would not actually spell the end of the periodic table.

Textbooks such as the The Feynman Lectures on Physics characterize the center of gravity as a point about which there is no torque.

** Richard Feynman in his talk at the First Conference on the Physics of Computation, held at MIT in May, observed that it appeared to be impossible in general to simulate an evolution of a quantum system on a classical computer in an efficient way.

A longtime friend and colleague of Stephen Hawking and Carl Sagan, he was the Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) until 2009 and one of the world ’ s leading experts on the astrophysical implications of Einstein ’ s general theory of relativity.

Green's theorem and functions were important tools in classical mechanics, and were revised by Schwinger's 1948 work on electrodynamics that led to his 1965 Nobel prize ( shared with Feynman and Tomonaga ).

** In the realm of relativistic many-bodied mechanics, namely the time-symmetric Wheeler – Feynman absorber theory: the equivalence between an advanced Liénard – Wiechert potential of particle j acting on particle i and the corresponding potential for particle i acting on particle j was demonstrated exhaustively to order before being proved mathematically.