Finkelstein also served as pollster for the 2004 primary challenge by conservative Pennsylvania Congressman Pat Toomey against moderate incumbent Sen. Arlen Specter, pairing with strategist Jon Lerner.

* The official website of Prof. Israel Finkelstein

The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering is a 2000 book by Norman G. Finkelstein that argues that the American Jewish establishment exploits the memory of the Nazi Holocaust for political and financial gain, as well as to further the interests of Israel.

According to Finkelstein, this " Holocaust industry " has corrupted Jewish culture and the authentic memory of the Holocaust.

* Chapter 3: The Double Shakedown-in this chapter, Finkelstein claims that the number of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust recognized by relief groups increased from c. 100, 000 in 1945 to nearly 1 million owing to definitional changes in who was considered to be a survivor.

University of Chicago Professor Peter Novick, whose work Finkelstein described as providing the " initial stimulus " for The Holocaust Industry, asserted in the July 28, 2000 Jewish Chronicle ( London ) that the book is replete with " false accusations ", " egregious misrepresentations ", " absurd claims " and " repeated mis-statements " (" A charge into darkness that sheds no light ").

Louis Finkelstein ( June 14, 1895, Cincinnati, Ohio – 29 November 1991 ) was a Talmud scholar, an expert in Jewish law, and a leader of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America ( JTS ) and Conservative Judaism.

Finkelstein also established the seminary's Cantor's Institute, the Seminary College of Jewish Music, the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities ( predecessor of the Graduate School ), and a West Coast branch of the seminary that later became the University of Judaism ( now the American Jewish University ).

Finkelstein established the Institute for Religious and Social Studies, which brought together Protestant, Roman Catholic and Jewish scholars for theological discussions.

# The Coalition ( Orlev, Yahalom, Finkelstein )-had voted to stay in the coalition, but vowed to quit when a Jewish settlement dismantled.

" Cynthia Ozick later gushed " – wrote Norman Finkelstein – " that she ' immediately ' recognized Kosiński's authenticity as ' a Jewish survivor and witness to the Holocaust '.

Finkelstein grew up in a lower-middle-class Jewish family, living in Brooklyn until age 11, then in Levittown, New York, and later Queens.

* Meir Finkelstein, cantor and composer of contemporary Jewish liturgical music

The next elections ( 1922 ) were rigged against the Polish and Jewish minorities, but the Seimas was dissolved and another Folkist, the lawyer Oizer Finkelstein ( also spelled Euser ), was elected in 1923 on a national minorities bloc.

For Finkelstein, it was his first bow as an inside player on a Washington campaign committee, his dealings previously being as representative of an individual candidate.

White followed this with an insult to Fedor's manager and M-1 Global President Vadim Finkelstein.

Finkelstein and his student Norma Franklin have identified monumental construction at Samaria, Jezreel, Megiddo and Hazor similar in design and build.

Finkelstein obtained his Ph. D. in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953.

Finkelstein also found success in New Hampshire, as freshman conservative Sen. Gordon Humphrey overcame a tough challenge from long-time Democratic Congressman Norman D ' Amours.

Rudolph Giuliani's initial candidacy for Mayor was met with a primary challenge by cosmetics billionaire Ronald Lauder, backed by Sen. D ' Amato and guided by Finkelstein.

D ' Amato, and by extension Finkelstein, assumed dominance over the moribund state party apparatus.

When CBS's 60 Minutes ran a highly damaging story on D ' Amato, Finkelstein produced a response program that refuted many of its charges and misstatements.

This strengthened the hand of D ' Amato, Finkelstein and Powers going into 1993 and 1994.

D ' Amato and Finkelstein did not again back a primary challenger.

Following Election Day 1994, D ' Amato and Finkelstein were handed a new challenge and opportunity, as the 14-year incumbent was named by his Senate peers as chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee ( NRSC ), one of the four permanent GOP campaign operations in Washington.

D ' Amato remained personally devoted to Dole, but Finkelstein and the NRSC team urged Republican Senate candidates to cut loose from unpopular national leaders and carve their own individual profiles on issues.

D ' Amato raised a record $ 26 million for the 1998 campaign, and Finkelstein went to work early shoring up his client's " Senator Pothole " image of close attention to local needs and the problems of individual New Yorkers.

The Democrat's closing tagline was itself a homage to Finkelstein: " D ' Amato: Too many lies for too long.

In 1924, Arthur Eddington showed that the singularity disappeared after a change of coordinates ( see Eddington – Finkelstein coordinates ), although it took until 1933 for Georges Lemaître to realize that this meant the singularity at the Schwarzschild radius was an unphysical coordinate singularity.

* " All that clairvoyant stuff – I don't see it myself: A new law against mediums would not work " by Daniel Finkelstein, The Times, April 11, 2007.

In the foreword to the first paperback edition, Finkelstein notes that the first hardback edition had been a considerable hit in several European countries and many languages, but had been panned in the US.

* Chapter 1: Capitalizing The Holocaust-by the 1980s, Finkelstein states, the " War against the Jews " had become more important to American cultural life than the " War Between the States ".( p.

* Chapter 2: Hoaxers, Hucksters and History-in 1967, Finkelstein claims that two concepts appeared in public discourse: The uniqueness of the Holocaust, and the concept of the Holocaust as climax of a historical irrational anti-Semitic tendency in Europe.

Finkelstein asserts that these concepts became central to the " Holocaust Industry ", but that neither figures in scholarship of the Nazi Holocaust .( p.

Because of this, Finkelstein repeatedly asserts that " fraudulent " claims were made on Switzerland, while accounts and assets in the US and Israel were ignored.

Finkelstein set out to provide a guide to the relevant sections of the case.

Finkelstein describes two known frauds, that of The Painted Bird by Polish writer Jerzy Kosinski and Fragments by Binjamin Wilkomirski, and how they were defended by people even after they'd been exposed.

Independently, Ruth Bettina Birn ( the world's leading authority on the archives that Goldhagen had consulted and chief historian for War Crimes with the Canadian Department of Justice ) did the same-she and Finkelstein worked together on A Nation on Trial: The Goldhagen Thesis and Historical Truth.

According to Finkelstein, Elie Wiesel characterizes any suggestion that he has profited from the " Holocaust Industry ", or even any criticism at all, as Holocaust denial.

According to Finkelstein, Deborah Lipstadt claims there is widespread Holocaust denial-yet in " Denying the Holocaust " her prime example is Arthur Butz, author of The Hoax of the Twentieth Century.

The chapter on him is entitled " Entering the Mainstream "-but Finkelstein considers that, were it not for the likes of Lipstadt, no one would ever have heard of Arthur Butz.

Finkelstein believes there to be only one " truly mainstream " holocaust denier — Bernard Lewis, who was convicted in France of denying the Armenian genocide.

It is filled with precisely the kind of shrill hyperbole that Finkelstein rightly deplores in much of the current media hype over the Holocaust ; it is brimming with the same indifference to historical facts, inner contradictions, strident politics and dubious contextualizations ; and it oozes with the same smug sense of moral and intellectual superiority.

Finkelstein can now be said to have founded a Holocaust industry of his own.

Finkelstein was to later blame Bartov's review for the poor US sales of the book.

Finkelstein replied to the " hysterical " allegations by Novick on his homepage.

Hasia Diner has accused Peter Novick and Finkelstein of being " harsh critics of American Jewry from the left ," and challenges the notion reflected in their books that American Jews did not begin to commemorate the Holocaust until post 1967.

On other reparations and compensation settlements, the Claims Conference, a particular bete noire of Finkelstein, says that it distributed approximately $ 220 million to individual survivors in 1999 alone.