The names for the Daugava in other languages ; Dyna – Двина – Дзьвіна – Dźwina-Düna – Dvina ; originated from the Finnic name Vīna-Väinä, for passage-to-the-sea.

The two different historical Estonian languages ( sometimes considered dialects ), the North and South Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians ' migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars.

The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century.

Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages, along with Finnish, Karelian, and other nearby languages.

* Swadesh list for Finnic languages

Category: Finnic languages

The distance between the Ugric and Finnic languages is greater, but the correspondences are also regular.

During the Middle Ages, because of international Hanseatic trading routes and contingent migration during the Middle Ages, Saxons mixed with and had strong influences upon the languages and cultures of the North Germanic and Baltic and Finnic peoples, and also upon the Polabian Slavs and Pomeranian West Slavic people.

The name has also survived in Finnic languages (,, Karelian: Veneä ) denoting Russia.

This is possibly why Russians are known in Finnic languages as Venedes, a name derived for West Slavs.

Ethnic Germans began to settle in what are now Baltic countries in the 12th century when traders and missionaries began to visit the coastal lands inhabited by tribes who spoke Finnic and Baltic languages.

There are etymological equivalents in the Finnic languages such as the Ingrian and Votic word sauna, Estonian saun and Livonian sōna.

Genealogical DNA test results of modern Rurikid princes indicate that Rurik was of Finno-Ugrian descent ( haplogroup N1c1 )., however the Rurikids do not possess the DYS390 = 24 mutation associated with the Finnic languages, theirs remaining the ancestral DYS390 = 23, with the Rurikid haplotype itself ( all values considered ) more closely associated with

( Apostrophes appearing as palatalization marks in some Finnic languages, such as Võro and Karelian, are not forms of caron either.

Izhorian, along with Finnish, Karelian and Vepsian, belongs to the Northern Finnic group of the Uralic languages.

Livonian ( or ) belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.

The Karelian language belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages and it is closely related to Finnish.

Besides Karelian and Finnish, the Finnic subgroup also includes Estonian and other minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea.

The Veps language ( also known as Vepsian, natively as vepsän kel ’, vepsän keli, or vepsä ), spoken by the Vepsians ( also known as Veps ), belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages.

In Finnic languages, Baltic languages and Slavic languages, the contrast is with plain consonants, but in Irish, it is with velarized consonants.

During the Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria, the steppe-dwelling Suar migrated north, where Finnic tribes, such as the Mordvins and Mari lived.

Also, contact was made with related peoples such as the Estonians and the Finns — spurred by the Finnish promotion of closer ties with the kindred Finnic peoples — and in 1939, the Livonian Community Centre in Mazirbe ( Livonian: Irē ) was founded with subsidies from the Estonian and Finnish governments.

In Finnic languages, such as Finnish, the simplest example follows from consonant gradation: haka → haan.

The ancestors of the average modern-day Finns on the other hand are referred to either as " Finns " ( with varying spellings ) or they are simply discussed under the names of the various Finnic / Finnish tribes, such as Kvens, Karelians, etc.

This too has been argued to represent later contact influence, on the basis of comparisons such as F.: S. " maternal uncle ", where the exclusively Finnic development > appears to have been loaned into Samic.

The loss of initial before a short rounded vowel has also been proposed as a common innovation, but with counterexamples such as Estonian võtta-" to take " ( with preserved as its regular reflex due to the development > ) suggesting a date postdating not only the split between Finnic and Samic, but also of northern and southern Finnic ( cf.

It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages.

Languages that contrast telic and atelic actions are Pirahã and Finnic languages such as Finnish and Estonian ; Czech and Hungarian also have perfective prefixes pre-and meg -, respectively, which are additionally telic.

** Before a consonant, the Uralic " laryngeal " * x yielded long vowels at an early stage ( e. g. " wind " → tuuli ), but only the Finnic branch clearly preserves these as such.

It was gradually developing into what would become the Finnish state, including a marked rise of the Fennoman movement representing the Finnic part of the nation.

# A Finnish historian, Matti Klinge, has speculated that the words " Wends " or " Vandals " used in Scandinavian sources occasionally meant all peoples of the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea from Pomerania to Finland, including some Finnic peoples.

If the name Ruthenia has any connection to the name Rus, a theory generally held in the West connects it the Varangians whom the early Slavic and Finnic tribes called Rus, taking this name from the Old Norse root roðs-or roths-referring to the domain of " rowing " and still existing in the Finnish and Estonian names for Sweden, Ruotsi and Rootsi.

He learned Hungarian and Finnish, and received his doctoral degree in 1869 with a dissertation on Germanic loanwords in Finnic.

Supporters of Mandatory Swedish argue that it brings Finland closer to the Nordic countries, since Swedish is quite similar to, and to some extent mutually intelligible with, both Danish and Norwegian, while Finnish belongs to the unrelated Finnic language group.

Also very few Finns speak Estonian ( which is not taught in most schools ), a language of the same Finnic language group as Finnish, and national language of Finland's southern neighbour Estonia, although Finnish is popular in Estonia.

After the Crimean War, Fennomans founded the Finnish Party and intensified the language strife, yearning to raise the Finnish language and Finnic culture from peasant status to the position of a national language and a national culture.

*- ic ( Hispania → Hispanic, Turk → Turkic ) derives from a Latinate suffix widely used outside ethnonyms ( e. g., chemical compounds ), which with regard to people is mostly used adjectivally ( Semite vs. Semitic, Arab / Arabian vs. Arabic ) to refer to a wider ethnic or linguistic group ( Turkic vs. Turkish, Finnic vs. Finnish ).

The Estonian language belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages and Estonian is closely related to Finnish and distantly related to Hungarian.

Notably, a naming that stems from a completely different root is the one used in some Finnic languages, in Finnish Ruotsi, in Estonian Rootsi, etc ..

Most historians see Tacitus ' reference to the " Sitones " to mean the Finnic / Finnish Kvens:

In a cultural sense, Fennoscandia signifies the historically close contact between Sami, Finnic ( Finnish ), Swedish, Norwegian and Russian peoples and cultures.

He edited and translated the great Finnish epic Kalevala ; he arranged, completed and brought out in twelve volumes the literary remains of Matthias Alexander Castrén, bearing on the languages of the Samoyedic tribes, the Koibal, Karagass, Tungusic, Buryat, Ostyak and Kottic tongues, and prepared several valuable papers on Finnic mythology for the Imperial Academy.

Their dialect, that some consider an independent language-the Seto language ( like Finnish and Estonian ) belongs to the Finnic group of the Uralic languages.