* US v. Bierd, Definition of term by United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

The Supreme Court of the United States held in its landmark case, McGowan v. Maryland ( 1961 ), that Maryland's blue laws violated neither the Free Exercise Clause nor the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

* United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

** First Court of Appeals of Texas

Civil liberties groups challenged the law under the First Amendment and in 1997 the Supreme Court ruled in their favor.

For contempt in front of these boards, the chairperson will certify the act of contempt to the Court of First Instance who will then proceed with a hearing and determine the punishment.

* Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick ( 1963 ), First Hispanic woman named to the New York State Court of Appeals

First you have the National Court of Justice, which seats 21 judges elected for a period of 9 years.

The " European War " became known as " The Great War ", and it was not until 1920, in the book " The First World War 1914 – 1918 " by Charles à Court Repington, that the term " First World War " was used as the official name for the conflict.

In 1789 he was made court painter to Charles IV and in 1799 he was appointed First Court Painter with a salary of 50, 000 reales and 500 ducats for a coach.

* 1971 – The United States Supreme Court overturns the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment.

* 1997 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

* 1957 – In Roth v. United States, the U. S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.

* Peter Campbell Scarlett, A Memoir Of The Right Honorable James, First Lord Abinger, Chief Baron Of Her Majesty's Court Of Exchequer, 1877

For example, when the Supreme Court says that the First Amendment applies in a specific way to suits for slander, then every court is bound by that precedent in its interpretation of the First Amendment as it applies to suits for slander.

For example, a district court in the United States First Circuit could consider a ruling made by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit as persuasive authority.

In cases addressing other encryption software, however, two federal appeals courts have established the rule that cryptographic software source code is speech protected by the First Amendment ( the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Bernstein case and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Junger case ).

Congress cut off funding for the Braille magazine translation in 1985, but U. S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.

Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico, the Tribunal de Apelaciones ( English: Court of Appeals ), and Tribunal de Primera Instancia ( English: Courts of First Instance ).

The idea of an international court of justice arose in the political world at the First Hague Peace Conference in 1899, where it was declared that arbitration between states was the easiest solution to disputes, providing a temporary panel of judges to arbitrate in such cases, the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U. S. 639 ( 2002 ), the Supreme Court of the United States held that school vouchers could be used to pay for education in sectarian schools without violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

In 1968, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Epperson v. Arkansas 393 U. S. 97 ( 1968 ) that such bans contravene the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because their primary purpose is religious.

First, Atari had been facing mounting pressure from the ColecoVision, which boasted graphics that more closely mirrored arcade games of the time than Atari ’ s reigning 2600 VCS system.

* In Indochina the French government was facing the Viet Minh communist rebels and lost its Indochinese colonies during the First Indochina War in 1954 after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

The Romans fared very poorly during the initial revolt facing a completely unified Jewish force ( unlike during the First Jewish-Roman War, where Flavius Josephus records three separate Jewish armies fighting each other for control of the Temple Mount during the three weeks time after the Romans had breached Jerusalem's walls and were fighting their way to the center ).

The Army Council attempted to remove the flash during the First World War citing the grounds that it would help the Germans identify which unit was facing them.

The German 1st Cavalry Division would remain as a screen just south of the eastern edge of the Königsberg defenses, facing Rennenkampf's First Army.

To give an idea of their scale of operations, John Arpin's house built in 1889 still stands in Wisconsin Rapids, the beautiful Queen Anne-styled house on First Street facing the river.

Though lionized during his lifetime as a " soldier-prince ", papers released in 1998 undermined this assessment, as they revealed that he had spent much of the First World War facing a series of Army medical boards to request sick leave.

In 1881, when the historic numbers of regiments were abolished and facing colours standardised for English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish regiments, the duke protested that regimental spirit would be affected ( the majority of facing colours were restored by the First World War, although the numbers were not ).

At 4: 30 pm commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the < span lang =" fr "> Garde Royale </ span > were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the < span lang =" fr "> Place du Carrousel </ span > facing the Tuileries, the Place Vendôme, and the Place de la Bastille.

First, the seating arrangement ( four parts in a square, facing each other ) is clearly intended for the singers, not for external listeners.

It features the 45 words of the First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, etched into a four story tall stone panel facing Pennsylvania Avenue.

In 2006, Shays was in " the fight of his political life ", facing a strong challenge for re-election from former Westport First Selectwoman Diane Farrell, who had held him to only 52 percent of the vote in 2004.

Whilst it pinned down the German forces facing it, the Canadian First Army and US Ninth Army made a pincer movement from north and south ( operations Veritable and Grenade ) which pierced the Siegfried Line in that area and cleared the remaining German forces west of the Rhine in conjunction with further American offensives in the south of the Rhineland.

In the set, the couple with their backs to the band are traditionally named " First Tops " with " Second Tops " facing them.

The couple on First Tops left hand side is called " First Sides " with " Second Sides " facing.

In addition, Dorsey is co-founder and board member of Islands First, a multilateral negotiating-capacity-building organization for small island developing states facing disproportionate threats from unfolding climate change.

* First Wild Pitch: Mike Munoz ( Rockies ), facing Rico Brogna, 7th inning

During their meeting, the deputy leader of the expedition, Xu Jing, spontaneously blurted out that on his descent from the First Step, he recalled having spotting a dead climber lying on his back, feet facing uphill, in a hollow or slot in the rock.

The comedy debate features two teams of comedians facing off loosely in the structure of a formal debate over humorous topics such as " Laughter is Better Than Sex ", " Coming First is All That Matters " and " Food is better than sex ".

As well the earlier coat of arm's First Nations supporter was a Chief holding an axe and both supporters were facing directly across to one another.

A bay platform facing south-east between the Underground platforms serves the Greenford branch service operated by First Great Western, the next station on the branch is and the line joins the Great Western Main Line at.

They were then able to play for a spot in the Mexican First Division facing Puebla F. C.