First was the suggestion of Harry Kalven, Jr. and Maurice Rosenfeld in 1941 that class action litigation by individual shareholders on behalf of all shareholders of a company could effectively supplement direct government regulation of securities markets and other similar markets.

" in which he dealt with the debate between Karl Marx and Mikhail Bakunin at the First International and afterwards he suggested that " Libertarian marxism rejects determinism and fatalism, giving the greator place to individual will, intuition, imagination, reflex speeds, and to the deep instincts of the masses, which are more far-seeing in hours of crisis than the reasonings of the ‘ elites ’; libertarian marxism thinks of the effects of surprise, provocation and boldness, refuses to be cluttered and paralysed by a heavy ‘ scientific ’ apparatus, doesn ’ t equivocate or bluff, and guards itself from adventurism as much as from fear of the unknown.

First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £ 40, 000, four pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights.

First black athlete from any nation to win a gold medal in an individual Winter Olympics sport.

First, the parallax ( the small change in apparent position over the course of a year caused by the Earth moving from one side of its orbit around the Sun to the other ) of stars in close open clusters can be measured, like other individual stars.

First, since the style of a single alphabet in each given language has evolved constantly, it is necessary to know how to decipher its individual characters as they existed in various eras.

The government is led by the First Minister, assisted by various Ministers with individual portfolios and remits.

The majority argued that the First Amendment protects associations of individuals as well as individual speakers, and further that the First Amendment does not allow prohibitions of speech based on the identity of the speaker.

18 of the 36 plays in the First Folio were printed in separate and individual editions prior to 1623.

First, Congress provided that where a state is covered in its entirety, individual counties in that state may separately bail out.

A 2011 paper by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard School of Public Health, “ The Oregon Health Insurance Experiment: Evidence from the First Year ,” utilized Oregon ’ s 2008 decision to hold a randomized lottery for the provision of Medicaid insurance in order to measure the impact of health insurance on an individual ’ s health and well-being.

* I Am A Trail Blazers Fan – Official Social Network – First Social Network Launched by an individual sports franchise

Since the end of the First World War, aircraft types in British military service have generally been known by a name ( e. g. " Spitfire "), with individual variants recognised by mark numbers, in contrast to the systems such as that used in the United States, where an aircraft type is primarily identified by an alphanumeric designation.

The Apostle Paul also teaches in First Corinthians that prophecy is for the benefit of the whole Church and not just the individual exercising the gift.

The First Optional Protocol establishes an individual complaints mechanism, allowing individuals to complain to the Human Rights Committee about violations of the Covenant.

First Lieutenant Robert C. Jamison claims to have overheard mention by a conveniently unnamed individual that a UFO had been sighted by Air Force Security Police at one of the missile silos.

The United Nations Human Rights Committee has the jurisdiction to examine individual complaints ( or communications ) concerning the violation of rights contained within the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( ICCPR ), by virtue of the First Optional Protocol to the Covenant ..

McMahon earned numerous awards for his individual accomplishments, being named WAC Player of the Year, unanimous First Team All-WAC, Utah Sportsman of the Year, and Deseret News Athlete of the Year.

The cemetery contains the graves of 473 Commonwealth service personnel of the First World War-half of whom form a war graves plot in the south-west corner, the remainder in small groups or individual graves scattered throughout the grounds-and 51 of the Second who are all dispersed.

First, all the definitions imply a triad composed of a jealous individual, a partner, and a perception of a third party or rival.

First, a bill is introduced to parliament either by a member of government or, in the case of a private member's bill, by any individual representative.

First, she describes how feminists may de-emphasize the idea of the market as " a natural and unstoppable force ," instead depicting the process of globalization as alterable and movable by individual economic actors including women.

In various parts of the country, individual citizens and small groups form the nuclei for grassroots political actions, which may take the form of legal actions — i. e. protests, timber sale appeals, and educational campaigns — or civil disobedience — tree sitting, road blockades, and sabotage — called " ecotage " by some Earth First!

::( a ) The proposition that the several States have no greater power to restrain the individual freedoms protected by the First Amendment than does Congress is firmly embedded in constitutional jurisprudence.

The socialism implicit in the slogan of the Roosevelt Revolution, freedom from want and fear, seems a far cry from the individualism of the First Amendment to the Constitution, or of the Jacksonian frontier.

In the United States, Enlightenment philosophy ( which itself was heavily inspired by deist ideals ) played a major role in creating the principle of religious freedom, expressed in Thomas Jefferson's letters and included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

First, the freedom to copy a program and redistribute it to your neighbors, so that they can use it as well as you.

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the First Russo-Turkish War and allowed that the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled Rumanian provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia would be allowed freedom to worship.

In the United States, the right of freedom of speech granted in the First Amendment has limited the effects of lawsuits for breach of privacy.

The issue decided in the case was whether a journalist could refuse to " appear and testify before state and Federal grand juries " basing the refusal on the belief that such appearance and testimony " abridges the freedom of speech and press guaranteed by the First Amendment.

The Supreme Court found that freedom, but not responsibility, is mandated by the First Amendment and so it ruled that the government may not force newspapers to publish that which they do not desire to publish.

Although it is not explicitly protected in the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled, in NAACP v. Alabama,, freedom of association to be a fundamental right protected by it.

For example, while the First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech to the general populace, the English Bill of Rights protected only " Freedome of Speech and Debates or Proceedings in Parlyament.

While the First Amendment does not explicitly set restrictions on freedom of speech, other declarations of rights sometimes do so.

The First Amendment was one of the first guarantees of religious freedom: neither the English Bill of Rights, nor the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, contains a similar guarantee.

A few years later, John Clarke, Williams ’ compatriot in the cause of religious freedom in the New World, established the First Baptist Church in Newport, Rhode Island.

# That any copyright law must be subject to scrutiny under the First Amendment, thereby ensuring a balance between freedom of speech and the interests of copyright.

* First Amendment to the United States Constitution, regarding freedom of speech, freedom of the press, religious freedom, freedom of assembly, and right to petition

As the first law on religious tolerance in the British North America, it influenced related laws in other colonies and portions of it were echoed in the writing of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which enshrined religious freedom in American law.

" It was not until the passage of the First Amendment to the Constitution over a century later that religious freedom was enshrined as a fundamental guarantee, but even that document echoes the Toleration Act in its use of the phrase, " free exercise thereof ".

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, which allows political organizations great latitude in expressing Nazi, racist, anti-Semitic, homophobic, and Neo-Confederate views.

First, the American Liberty League viewed the act as a threat to freedom and engaged in a campaign of opposition in order to repeal these " socialist " efforts.

One objection states that a democratic republic built on freedom of dissent should not require its citizens to pledge allegiance to it, and that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects one's right to refrain from speaking or standing ( also a form of speech ).

They objected on the grounds that their rights to freedom of religion as guaranteed by the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment were being violated by such requirements.

11 November is a public holiday in Poland called Independence Day, as the ending of First World War allowed Polish people to regain the freedom and unity of their country after over a hundred years of partitions.

In 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island ( 1996 ) the Court held states cannot use the Twenty-first Amendment to abridge freedom of speech protections under the First Amendment.