Pitt offered Fitzwilliam the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs but as Fox would be excluded, he declined the offer.

Although Burke himself was largely alone in defecting to Pitt in 1791, much of the rest of the party, including the influential House of Lords leader the Duke of Portland, Rockingham's nephew Lord Fitzwilliam, and William Windham, were increasingly uncomfortable with the flirtations of Fox and his allies with radicalism and the French Revolution.

For the controversy concerning the recall of Lord Fitzwilliam see, in addition to the foregoing, Lord Rosebery, Pitt ( London, 1891 ); Lord Ashbourne, Pitt: Some Chapters of his Life ( London, 1898 ); The Pelham Papers ( Brit.

The failure of the Bill led to the fall of the Ministry and the appointment of Pitt as Prime Minister, with Fitzwilliam finding himself in opposition.

In May 1792 Pitt sounded out the Portland Whigs, of which Fitzwilliam was one, for a possible coalition government.

When France announced that King Louis XVI was to put on trial, Pitt recalled Parliament by calling out the militia, an action Fitzwilliam thought unwarranted and designed to curry favour with conservative Whigs.

On 25 September the Duke of Portland met Pitt and was persuaded that Pitt would accept his terms for a coalition government: however Fitzwilliam convinced him that a coalition could only happen if the Whigs ' were equal members and that Pitt must not be Prime Minister.

Fitzwilliam declared in a letter to Grenville on 7 November that Pitt's unwillingness to come out in support of a restoration of the House of Bourbon as the aim of the war was the main reason why he did not support Pitt.

Fitzwilliam, along with other conservative Whigs, entered into a coalition government with Pitt in 1794.

Fitzwilliam met him at Burlington House on 25 May in which he told Fitzwilliam he had met Pitt the previous day, with the Prime Minister telling him for his wish for a coalition as " the expulsion of that evil spirit Jacobinism ... and that his wish and object was that it might make us act together as one great Family ... lamented the scantiness of Cabinet employments he had it in his power at this moment to offer us " but assured him that they would be offered when they became available.

The Duke of Portland claimed he could not further negotiate with Pitt without Fitzwilliam's support, with Fitzwilliam replying that without a declaration from Pitt that the main war aim was the restoration of the House of Bourbon he could not take office but he reassured him that if he joined the government he would have his support.

Fitzwilliam also still thought the way Pitt had come to power in 1783 was " a severe blow to the spirit of the constitution and to Whiggism, which is the essence of it ".

Pitt wished to discuss this with Fitzwilliam in person.

When Pitt met the Duke of Portland on 1 July he offered the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland to Fitzwilliam as soon as Lord Westmoreland could be compensated for the loss of it.

Fitzwilliam believed the coalition was formed not to support Pitt but to destroy Jacobinism at home and abroad.

On 5 February Fitzwilliam wrote to Pitt: " I have every reason to expect a great degree of unanimity in support of my administration: nothing can defeat those expectations unless an idea should go forth that I do not possess the fullest confidence, and cannot command the most cordial support of the British Cabinet ".

Pitt wrote to Fitzwilliam on 9 February that Beresford's removal was never " to my recollection ... hinted at even in the most distant manner ... much less ... without his consent " and that he should have discussed it at the meeting held on 15 November.

Fitzwilliam asserted that he had already informed Pitt of his intention to remove Beresford and he had " made no objection, nor, indeed, any reply ", which he took to mean the decision was at his discretion.

Fitzwilliam was now in opposition to both the Pitt – Portland coalition government and the Foxites.

Fitzwilliam wrote to Laurence on 22 February 1797 that he did not wish for a change in government lest it " lead to a change in the constitution " but agreed that a " reform in the abuses of executive government " was needed and that Fox would carry on the war " for the same reason the government, and peace would be made by him more to advantage, because, made by him, there would be virtually a saving of the country's honour — made by Mr Pitt, the country is beat into it ' made by Mr Fox it is a measure of choice ".

Wentworth Woodhouse, with all its contents, subsequently passed to the family of the Marquess's sister, the Earls Fitzwilliam.

Two sets of death duties in the 1940s, and the nationalization of their coal mines, greatly reduced the wealth of the Fitzwilliams, and most of the contents of the house were dispersed, in auction sales in 1948, 1986 and 1998, though many remain in the family, with many works loaned to museums by the " Trustees of the Fitzwilliam Estates ".

The Earl predicted that others would follow ; in succeeding decades Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square became the primary location of residences of the aristocracy, with many of their northside residences being sold.

The Whig party further split over the French Revolution, with Burke writing to Fitzwilliam on 4 January 1797: " As to our old friends, they are so many individuals, not a jot more separated from your Lordship, than they are from one another.

The college places an increasing emphasis on Natural Sciences, with students of the discipline accounting for approximately 20 % of its undergraduate intake, and has developed traditional strengths in both Music and Politics ; in 2010, there were more Fitzwilliam graduates in Parliament than graduates of any other college ( 6 MPs and 4 life peers ).

Fitzwilliam is also home to a noted Criminology department, headed by Emeritus Professor Sir Anthony Bottoms, and is one of the two colleges that takes in postgraduate students, in association with the Institute of Criminology, as part of the Police Executive Programme.

The name refers ultimately to the Fitzwilliam family, prominent members of the Anglo-Irish nobility, whose ancestral seat Milton Hall is located to the north of Cambridge and who, as students and benefactors, have been associated with the university for several hundred years ; more directly, it refers to the Fitzwilliam Museum, founded in 1816 with the bequest of the library, art collection and personal fortune of the 7th Viscount Fitzwilliam and situated directly opposite the original headquarters of the Non-Collegiate Students Board, and also to the adjacent Fitzwilliam Street, where many of the non-collegiate students were housed.

Along with the name, the college's coat of arms first came into use in the 1880s when Fitzwilliam Hall needed an emblem to represent its newly formed boat club.

Fitzwilliam is the only college in Cambridge with a resident professional string quartet.

* 2010 August – Irish instrumental post-rock band 3epkano accompanied a screening of the film with an original live soundtrack in Fitzwilliam Square in Dublin

In late 1995, he and his wife purchased a former solicitor's office, a four-storey Georgian house on Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin, with a courtyard and coachhouse with separate entrance.

His great contribution, however, together with Christian Ignatius Latrobe, lay in the introduction to England of unknown compositions by the great masters, such as the Masses of Haydn and Mozart, the works of Palestrina, the treasures of the Fitzwilliam Museum, and innumerable, now well known great compositions.

By the 1920s and certainly by the 1930s, many of the previous homes in Merrion Square had become business addresses of companies, with only Fitzwilliam Square of all the five squares having any residents at all.

* The Mid-Guard: Earl of Menteith, Seneschal of Scotland ; Sir James his uncle ; William Douglas ; David de Lyndseye ; Hugh Fleming ; William de Keith ; Duncan Campbell ; James Steward of Caldru ; Alan Stewart ; William du Jardyn ; William de Abirnethy ; William de Brene de Eldyngton ; John le Fitzwilliam ; Adam More ; Walter FitzGilbert ; John de Chryghton ; all barons with their followers.

Intrigues of various sorts and fighting of a guerilla type followed, and Essex had difficulties both with his deputy Fitzwilliam and with the Queen.

But Fox's radical position soon became too extreme for many of his followers, particularly old Whig friends like the Duke of Portland, Earl Fitzwilliam and the Earl of Carlisle.

The settlement at Port Clarence ( named after the Duke of Clarence ) was constructed under the supervision of William Fitzwilliam Owen, who had previously mapped most of the coasts of Africa and was a zealous anti-slaver.

At the Doncaster races in 1827 the Duke of Devonshire turned up on the first day with a coach and six and twelve outriders, the same as Fitzwilliam.

Fitzwilliam was one of the leading supporters of the Fox-North coalition government, being offered the Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland and a revived Marquessate of Rockingham by the Duke of Portland.

Fitzwilliam was now considered the Duke of Portland's deputy, and was a key figure in Whig councils and was frequently the first Whig speaker in parliamentary debates.

If the Duke of Portland had formed an administration upon the Prince of Wales becoming Regent, Fitzwilliam would have been First Lord of the Admiralty, although Fitzwilliam was relieved when the King recovered from his illness and prospects of assuming this office subsequently disappeared.

On 15 December Fox advocated recognising the French Republic and Fitzwilliam resisted pressure from conservative Whig MPs to split from Fox, supporting the Duke of Portland's attempts to keep the party together.

The Duke of Portland immediately wrote to Fitzwilliam to inform him that he would visit Fox and tell him he would " support the war with all the effect and energy in my power " and end all ties to the Friends of the People.

In opposition to the peace motion introduced in the Commons by Fox and in the Lords by the Duke of Bedford on 30 May, Fitzwilliam said:

On 23 June Fitzwilliam wrote to the Duke of Portland that he believed the government had moved to the Whig position and that " for my own part I am now ready, not only to adopt the opinion that a junction should take place, as your sentiment, but to advise it as the genuine offspring of my own judgement ... only condition was that as much weight and sway should be given to us as possible.

However the Duke of Portland and Lord Mansfield implored Fitzwilliam to accept office and when Lord Mansfield saw Fitzwilliam when he came down to London on 28 June he got Fitzwilliam " to admit that if ever he was to take office this was the time ".

The next day Fitzwilliam met the Duke of Portland and reported that: " I see little prospect of escaping office ... the duke ... seems so intent upon my accepting, as almost to say that he will not, if I do not — I left him last night my reasons for thinking that I should be more serviceable out of office, than in ... if I find I have not persuaded him, I must submit ".

The Duke of Portland wrote to Fitzwilliam four days later to say he had told Ponsonby, an Irish Whig, of the appointment.

On 8 October Fitzwilliam wrote to the Duke of Portland to inform him of rumours in Ireland that Lord Westmorland was to continue as Lord Lieutenant and that if he was not announced soon as Lord Lieutenant he would resign from the government.

Writing on 10 February to the Duke of Portland, Fitzwilliam said Emancipation would have a good effect on the spirit and loyalty of the Catholics of Ireland, and Catholics of rank would be reconciled to British rule and put down disturbances.

The Duke of Portland wrote to Fitzwilliam on 16 February, in a letter approved by the Cabinet, that the Bill would " produce such a change in the present constitution of the House of Commons as will overturn that, and with it the present ecclesiastical establishment ".

The next day the Cabinet met and the Duke of Portland advised that Fitzwilliam be recalled.