In an article he submitted for the medical journal The Lancet during World War I, Fleming described an ingenious experiment, which he was able to conduct as a result of his own glass blowing skills, in which he explained why antiseptics were killing more soldiers than infection itself during World War I. Antiseptics worked well on the surface, but deep wounds tended to shelter anaerobic bacteria from the antiseptic agent, and antiseptics seemed to remove beneficial agents produced that protected the patients in these cases at least as well as they removed bacteria, and did nothing to remove the bacteria that were out of reach.

" When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer ," Fleming would later say, " But I suppose that was exactly what I did.

Fleming finally abandoned penicillin, and not long after he did, Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford took up researching and mass-producing it, with funds from the U. S. and British governments.

Fleming did not provide Bond's date of birth, but John Pearson's fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, gives Bond a birth date on 11 November 1920, while a study by John Griswold puts the date at 11 November 1921.

This was a higher honour than the knighthood awarded to penicillin's discoverer, Sir Alexander Fleming, and it recognised the monumental work Florey did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in the war, despite Fleming's doubts that this was feasible.

When those plans did not come to fruition, Fleming adapted the ideas to form the basis of the novel, which he originally titled The Wound Man.

* The town was incorporated in 1852 as Shinn's Town by an act of the Virginia Legislature, as West Virginia did not yet exist as an independent state, and Solomon S. Fleming was elected the first mayor.

State representative Erik R. Fleming placed first of four candidates in the June Democratic primary, but did not receive the 50 percent of the vote required to earn the party's nomination.

He did so and, on 19 November 1963, the case of McClory v Fleming was heard at the Chancery Division of the High Court.

As he wrote the novel, Fleming used aspects of his life to flesh out the details, much as he did with many of his Bond stories.

" Robson saw this as a positive development, but it did mean that although " there are incidental displays of the virtuosity to which Mr. Fleming has accustomed us, ... the narrative does not slip into top gear until Goldfinger unfolds his plan ".

However, when the film was released in July 1959, it was poorly received, and did not do well at the box office ; Fleming became disenchanted with McClory's ability as a result.

He did so and on 19 November 1963, the case of McClory v Fleming was heard at the Chancery Division of the High Court.

Fleming did make mistakes in the novel, however, such as Bond ordering a half-bottle of Pol Roger Champagne: Fleming's friend Patrick Leigh Fermor pointed out that Pol Roger was the only champagne at the time not to be produced in half-bottles.

While Fleming never claimed there was any other source for the name of Bond than James Bond, an American ornithologist, there was a real life James Bond who did attend Fettes.

Diefenbaker, who had failed in two prior bids for the leadership, announced his candidacy, as did Tory frontbenchers Davie Fulton and Donald Fleming.

Fleming, " always reluctant to let a good idea lie idle ", turned this into the novel Thunderball which did not credit either McClory or Whittingham ; McClory then took Fleming to the High Court in London for breach of copyright and the matter was settled in 1963.

Capra, Fleming, and James Whale were three of the few directors who received the credit " A ( insert director's name here ) Production " even though they did not produce their films.

This contrasts with the strain discovered by Fleming, Penicillium notatum, which did not affect the typhoid bacilli.

Later and without permission, Fleming novelized the draft screenplay Thunderball, his ninth novel, in 1961, which initially did not credit McClory or Whittingham.

The assassin, Trigger, was partly based on Amaryllis Fleming, Ian's half-sister, a concert cellist with blonde hair, and Fleming managed to get a passing reference to her in the story, saying: " Of course Suggia had managed to look elegant, as did that girl Amaryllis somebody.

The reviewer for the Los Angeles Times, Robert Kirsch, did not enjoy the book and considered Fleming to be " a second-rate reporter, filled with the irritating prejudices and pomposities of a middle-class English traveller.

In the early 1970s, largely at the behest of companion Erin Fleming, Groucho had a live one-man show, including one recorded at Carnegie Hall in 1972 and released as a double album, An Evening with Groucho, on A & M Records.

Fleming remained with Swindon throughout a playing career spanning 1907 and 1924 and went on to live in the town for his entire life.

* Meteorologist and TV presenter Gerald Fleming is from Wexford where he continues to live.

In 1845, Sandford Fleming, inventor of Standard Time and designer of Canada's first postage stamp, moved to the city to live with Dr. John Hutchison and his family, staying until 1847.

The heroes arrange for the kids to live with an old scientist named Professor Carter Nichols and they even take secret identities as John and Joanna Fleming.

Meanwhile, Cowperwood meets young Berenice Fleming ; by the end of the novel, he tells her he loves her and she consents to live with him.

Headline artists at WEMF 2012 included Wolfgang Gartner, Zeds Dead, Moby, Chase & Status, Pendulum, Andy C, Infected Mushroom ( live ), DJ Hype, Thomas Gold, Datsik, The Crystal Method, Krafty Kuts, Dub FX, Felix Cartel, 12th Planet, Christopher Lawrence, John 00 Fleming, Trolley Snatcha, Harvard Bass, Adventure CLub, Ed Rush & Optical, MC GQ, Figure, The Killabits, Torro Torro, Adam K, Jelo Bad Company Keys & Krates Mimosa, Two Fresh, Jeft Tale and many, many more over 3 stages.

In 2007 Fleming recorded his new live show, A Journey Home, in Ireland ’ s National Events Centre Killarney to an audience of 2, 000.

" Writing in The New York Times, Anthony Boucher — described by a Fleming biographer, John Pearson as " throughout an avid anti-Bond and an anti-Fleming man "— was again damning of Fleming's work, saying " it's harder than ever to see why an ardent coterie so admires Ian Fleming's tales ".

Henry R. Sutphen of Electric Launch Company ( Elco ) and his designers ( Irwin Chase, Bill Fleming, and Glenville Tremaine ) visited the United Kingdom to see British motor torpedo boat designs.

The hospital has an Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum where visitors can see Fleming's laboratory, restored to its 1928 condition, and explore the story of Fleming and the discovery and development of penicillin through displays and video.

* Barrow's Boys-Fergus Fleming ( 1998 ) " For 30 years beginning 1816, the British Admiralty's John Barrow and his elite team charted large areas of the Arctic, discovered the North Magnetic Pole, were the first to see volcanoes in the Antarctic, crossed the Sahara to find Timbuktu and the mouth of the Niger-John Ross, John Franklin, William Edward Parry and others.

Penicillin, a drug produced by P. chrysogenum, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929, and found to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria ( see beta-lactams ).

Mostly done up against the boards ( see Brian Fleming for more information ).

He was the fifth son of Charles Elphinstone, 10th Lord Elphinstone ( see Lord Elphinstone for earlier history of the Elphinstone family ) by his wife Lady Clementine, daughter of John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown and Lady Mary, daughter of William Keith, 8th Earl Marischal ( see Earl Marischal for earlier history of the Keith family ).

In February 1424 the see of York being vacant, the pope conferred it on Fleming ; but the regency council of the young king Henry VI refused to confirm the appointment, and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425.

: For other Fleming Colleges see Fleming College ( disambiguation ).

After 1970, most of its Asian activities were conducted through Jardine Fleming ( see next section ).

Brian Fleming of Sucker Punch Productions stated in an interview that " We're broadening ourselves a little bit, taking on some new challenges ," but also noted that " I think it's extremely likely that you'll see us return to the ' Sly Cooper ' franchise at some point in the future.

Franklin said, "... Fleming, should have been able to see that some of the people that Fleming called carpetbaggers had lived in Alabama for years and were, therefore, entitled to at least as much presumption of assimilation in moving from some other state to Alabama decades before the war as the Irish were in moving from their native land to some community in the United States.