For a particularly robust two-pass algorithm for computing the variance, first compute and subtract an estimate of the mean, and then use this algorithm on the residuals.

Other, more precise and robust methods have been developed For example, the truncated mean of the middle 24 % of the sample order statistics produces an estimate for x < sub > 0 </ sub > that is more efficient than using either the sample median or the full sample mean.

For a small signal analysis, every non-linear element can be linearized around its operation point to obtain the small-signal estimate of the voltages and currents.

For example, an accountant who has prepared a consumer's tax return has information that can be used to charge customers based on an estimate of their ability to pay.

For example, an oligopoly considering a price reduction may wish to estimate the likelihood that competing firms would also lower their prices and possibly trigger a ruinous price war.

For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion ( such as the human population of the Earth ) is 10 billion.

For example geochemical signatures from rocks may help to discover when life first arose on Earth, and analyses of carbon isotope ratios may help to identify climate changes and even to explain major transitions such as the Permian – Triassic extinction event .< ref name =" Twitchett "> A relatively recent discipline, molecular phylogenetics, often helps by using comparisons of different modern organisms ' DNA and RNA to re-construct evolutionary " family trees "; it has also been used to estimate the dates of important evolutionary developments, although this approach is controversial because of doubts about the reliability of the " molecular clock ".

For example, the melting point, the first three ionization energies, and the hydration energy are greater than those of neodymium and lower than those of samarium ; similarly, the estimate for the boiling point, ionic ( Pm < sup > 3 +</ sup >) radius, and standard heat of formation of monatomic gas are greater than those of samarium and less those of neodymium.

For example, if an estimate of how long it takes to break an encryption scheme is one thousand years, and it were used to encrypt details which are obsolete a few weeks after being sent, then this could be deemed a reasonable risk and trade-off.

For example, the sample mean () can be used as an estimate of the mean parameter ( μ ) of the population from which the sample was drawn.

For a known albedo, it is possible to estimate the surface temperature, and correspondingly the intensity of heat radiation.

For example, within the Peak District National Park the estimate in 2004 for visitor spending is £ 185 million, which supports over 3, 400 jobs, representing 27 % of total employment in the National Park.

For example, the Crown Estate produced £ 200 million for the Treasury in the financial year 2007 – 8, whereas reported parliamentary funding for the monarch was £ 40 million during the same period, and republicans estimate that the real cost of the monarchy including security is between £ 134 and 184 million a year.

For example, EVA might be used in the field of hydrology to estimate the value an unusually large flooding event, such as the 100-year flood.

For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) gives an estimate of the " full-employment unemployment rate " of 4 to 6. 4 %.

For example, an experiment on baking bread could estimate the difference in the responses associated with quantitative variables, such as the ratio of water to flour, and with qualitative variables, such as strains of yeast.

For the modern era it is possible to offer a quantitative estimate of the population of the Alpine region.

For perspective, the best estimate is that 86, 000 people were deported from France without racial motive, overwhelmingly resistants, a number that exceeds that of Gypsies and Jews deported from France.

For n = 10 < sup > 4 </ sup >, this estimate predicts 156 Sophie Germain primes, which has a 20 % error compared to the exact value of 190.

For n = 10 < sup > 7 </ sup >, the estimate predicts 50822, which is still 10 % off from the exact value of 56032.

For proteins a Mark-Houwink type of calculation can be used to estimate the molecular weight from the hydrodynamic size.

For a probabilistic pattern recognizer, the problem is instead to estimate the probability of each possible output label given a particular input instance, i. e. to estimate a function of the form

For normally nourished children 1 year of age and older, two formulae are used to estimate the appropriate diameter and depth for tracheal intubation.

For the six SRES marker scenarios, IPCC ( 2007: 7 – 8 ) gave a " best estimate " of global mean temperature increase ( 2090 – 2099 relative to the period 1980 – 99 ) that ranged from 1. 8 ° C to 4. 0 ° C.

For a time, urging Breasted to give up his public relations work and take up writing instead, he hoped to persuade him to become his assistant in research for the labor novel ; ;

For those who `` like poetry but never get around to reading it '', the Library of Congress makes it possible for poets to be heard reading their own work.

For a while his work was influenced deeply by the French impressionists, and by the patterned, mosaic-like paintings of Gustav Klimt, then the dean of Austrian art.

For site planning work, it is best to have a qualified and experienced park planner to carry through the study.

For example, some unwed mothers had had no work experiences, household chores, and responsibilities during childhood and early adolescence ; ;

For the hero of this work by John Osborne and Anthony Creighton is a chap embittered by more than the lack of beer during a jam session.

Not altogether a successful play, `` Epitaph For George Dillon '' overcomes through sheer vitality and power what in a lesser work might be crippling.

For a reader to assign the title of author upon any written work is to attribute certain standards upon the text which, for Foucault, are working in conjunction with the idea of " the author function ".

For the author to reach his or her audience, the work usually must attract the attention of the editor.

For more details of this early work, see Alpha particle # History of discovery and use.

For several years, Solomonoff's work was better known in the Soviet Union than in the Western World.

For those of the Cardinal, Melanchthon, and Dürer's final major work, a drawn portrait of the Nuremberg patrician Ulrich Starck, Dürer depicted the sitters in profile, perhaps reflecting a more mathematical approach.

For more information on Stone and his work, see " Arthur J.

: The Sabbath: Its Meaning For Modern Man is a work on the nature and celebration of Shabbat, the Jewish Sabbath.

For a large part of the Dutch hip hop community Yes-R, Ali B and Lange Frans & Baas B are sometimes considered fake because they do a lot of work for children TV stations.

For the application to work users must have AIM 6. 8 or higher.

For example, the daughter of a rich, famous ancestor or father would work hard at her tattoos to show the accomplishments of that ancestor or father.

For his lifetime of work, the American Humanist Association named him the 1969 Humanist of the Year.

For the early part of the work, up until the Gregorian mission, Goffart feels that Bede used Gildas's De excidio.

For The Pawnshop he recruited the actor Henry Bergman, who was to work with Chaplin for 30 years.

For example, in English law the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 provides that if a copyrighted work is made by an employee in the course of that employment, the copyright is automatically owned by the employer which would be a " Work for Hire.

For a work to be considered pirated, its illegitimate use must have occurred in a nation that has domestic copyright laws and / or adheres to a bilateral treaty or established international convention such as the Berne Convention or WIPO Copyright Treaty.

For example, in one case, a prominent Chicana feminist writer and poet has indicated the following subjective meaning through her creative work.

For example, an anxious patient may be asked to talk to a stranger as a homework assignment, but if that is too difficult, he or she can work out an easier assignment first.

For instance, in the music industry, the top-selling pop singers have a strong potential to become celebrities, but the behind-the-scenes professionals tend to remain little known to the general public ( e. g. dancers, disc jockeys, record producers, and composers ); though in recent years, Club DJs such as David Guetta, Skrillex and Deadmau5 or composer David Foster have achieved worldwide fame for their respective work in the music industry.