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Page "Topological quantum field theory" ¶ 12
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For and example
For the family is the simplest example of just such a unit, composed of people, which gives us both some immunity from, and a way of dealing with, other people.
For example, suppose a man wearing a $200 watch, driving a 1959 Rolls Royce, stops to ask a man on the sidewalk, `` What time is it ''??
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For example: 1.
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For example, the importance of the Regulus 2, a very promising aerodynamic ship-to-surface missile designed to be launched by surfaced submarines, was greatly diminished by the successful acceleration of the much more advanced Polaris ballistic missile launched by submerged submarines.
For example, the interest of past members of the Foundation's Advisory Board remains such that they place their knowledge and judgments at our disposal much as they had done when they were, formally, members of that Board.
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For example: Af.
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For example, for the problem Af, 10 from 25 equals 15, then 6 from 15 equals 9.
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For an example let's dream up an engine that has a final combustion chamber volume of 5 cubic inches and a cylinder volume of 45 cubic inches.
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For and Lagrangian
For the QED interaction Lagrangian,, describing the interaction of a fermionic field with a bosonic gauge field, the Feynman rules can be formulated in coordinate space as follows:
For example, if one begins with the Lagrangian density
For example, he developed a theory of canonical transformations which allowed changing coordinates so that some coordinates disappeared from the Lagrangian, as above, resulting in conserved canonical momenta.
For illustration, consider a Lagrangian that does not depend on time, i. e., that is invariant ( symmetric ) under changes t → t + δt, without any change in the coordinates q.
For concreteness, assume that the Lagrangian does not change under small rotations of an angle δθ about an axis n ; such a rotation transforms the Cartesian coordinates by the equation
For example, if the Lagrangian expression is
For this reason, one must either modify the formulation to ensure that it's a minimization problem ( for example, by extremizing the square of the gradient of the Lagrangian as below ), or else use an optimization technique that finds stationary points ( such as Newton's method without an extremum seeking line search ) and not necessarily extrema.
For an infinitesimal deformation the displacements and the displacement gradients are small compared to unity, i. e., and, allowing for the geometric linearisation of the Lagrangian finite strain tensor, and the Eulerian finite strain tensor, i. e. the non-linear or second-order terms of the finite strain tensor can be neglected.
For infinitesimal deformations of a continuum body, in which the displacements and the displacement gradients are small compared to unity, i. e., and, it is possible to perform a geometric linearisation of the Lagrangian finite strain tensor, and the Eulerian finite strain tensor.
For a detailed derivation of these equations from Lagrangian mechanics, see below.
For example, if the Lagrangian L does not depend on q < sub > i </ sub > itself, then the generalized momentum:
For example, Morse showed that the number of conjugate points in a trajectory equalled the number of negative eigenvalues in the second variation of the Lagrangian.
For example, in the Lagrangian of QED
For comparison, in the equivalent Euler – Lagrange equations of motion of Lagrangian mechanics, the conjugate momenta also do not appear ; however, those equations are a system of N, generally second-order equations for the time evolution of the generalized coordinates.
For comparison, the Lagrangian defining general relativity is
For spacecraft in a halo orbit around a Lagrangian point stationkeeping is even more fundamental as such an orbit is unstable ; without an active control with thruster burns the smallest deviation in position / velocity would result in the spacecraft leaving the orbit completely.
For example, we can write a Lagrangian for a relativistic particle, which will be valid even if the particle is traveling close to the speed of light.
For any parameter invariant Lagrangian ( or Lagrangian density ) where each of the coordinate parameters are on an equal footing, the following holds true:
For a complex scalar field the Lagrangian is,
For example renormalization in QED modifies the mass of the free field electron to match that of a physical electron ( with an electromagnetic field ), and will in doing so add a term to the free field Lagrangian which must be cancelled by a counterterm in the interaction Lagrangian, that then shows up as a two-line vertex in the Feynman diagrams.
For an SU ( 2 ) theory the leading order chiral Lagrangian is given by
For example, if one wishes to compute an observable to, then one must compute the contact terms that come from the Lagrangian ( this is different for an SU ( 2 ) vs. SU ( 3 ) theory ) at tree-level and the one-loop contributions from the Lagrangian.

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