For instance it is the most common way to transfer satellites into geostationary orbit, after first being " parked " in low earth orbit.

For example, for ground stations at latitudes of φ = ± 45 ° on the same meridian as the satellite, the time taken for a signal to pass from Earth to the satellite and back again can be computed using the cosine rule, given the geostationary orbital radius r ( derived below ), the Earth's radius R and the speed of light c, as

For synchronous satellites orbiting Earth, this is also known as a geostationary orbit.

For areas close to the North ( and South ) Pole, a geostationary satellite may appear below the horizon.

For the geostationary transfer orbit we have

For comparison, geostationary satellites orbit Earth at 35, 790 km.

For geostationary spacecraft the inclination change caused by the gravitational forces of Sun / Moon must be counteracted to a rather large expense of fuel as the inclination should be kept sufficiently small for the spacecraft to be tracked by a non-steerable antenna.

For geostationary spacecraft thruster burns orthogonal to the orbital plane must be executed to compensate for the effect of the lunar / solar gravitation that perturbs the orbit pole with typically 0. 85 degrees per year.

For satellites in geostationary orbit and geosynchronous orbits, the graveyard orbit is a few hundred kilometers above the operational orbit.

For astrodynamics reasons, cheap spacecraft travel to other planets is only practical within certain time windows.

For instance, the motion of a spacecraft, regarding its orbit and attitude ( rotation ), is described by the relativistic theory of classical mechanics, while the analogous movements of an atomic nucleus are described by quantum mechanics.

For instance, if limited onboard power fed to its engine was the dominant limitation on how much payload a hypothetical spacecraft could shuttle ( such as if intrinsic propellant economic cost was minor from usage of extraterrestrial soil or ice ), ideal exhaust velocity would rather be around 62. 75 % of total mission delta v if operating at constant specific impulse, except greater optimization could come from varying exhaust velocity during the mission profile ( as possible with some thruster types, including mass drivers and variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rockets ).

For example, a ramjet might collect 1 gram of incoming ions per second from interstellar space beyond the heliopause, at a velocity of 50 km / s relative to the ramjet driven spacecraft.

For orbital spaceflights, spacecraft enter closed orbits around the Earth or around other celestial bodies.

For spacecraft near the Sun, solar panels are frequently used to generate electrical power.

For missions beyond low Earth orbit NASA is building the Space Launch System and the Orion spacecraft.

For the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo spacecraft, such communications blackouts lasted for several minutes.

For the Apollo 13 mission, the blackout was much longer than normal because the flight path of the spacecraft was unexpectedly at a much shallower angle than normal.

For a rocket the payload can be a spacecraft launched with the rocket, or in the case of a ballistic missile, the warheads.

For spacecraft carrying instruments for which an altitude of 36000 km is suitable the Geostationary orbit is sometimes the preferred choice.

For example, nuclear pulse propulsion is a form of spacecraft propulsion that would use nuclear explosives to provide impulse to a spacecraft.

* For communications between spacecraft, including elements of a satellite constellation

For Salyut, small modifications had to be made to the docking port of the OPS to accommodate Soyuz spacecraft in addition to TKS spacecraft.

For this reason, reaction wheels are often used to aim spacecraft with cameras or telescopes.

For launches above low Earth orbit ( LEO ), the actual launch time can be somewhat flexible if a parking orbit is used, because the inclination and time the spacecraft initially spends in the parking orbit can be varied.

For example, consider a spacecraft travelling from the Earth to Mars.

For example, the capacity ( separated spacecraft mass ) of the Delta IV Heavy:

For example, if two spacecraft are in the same circular orbit and wish to dock, unless they are very close, the trailing craft cannot simply fire its engines to go faster.

For example, a dish antenna on a spacecraft is a high-gain device that must be pointed at the planet to be effective, whereas a typical Wi-Fi antenna in a laptop computer is low-gain, and as long as the base station is within range, the antenna can be in any orientation in space.

For communicating with the Deep Space Network, the spacecraft transmitted data across the x-band using a 0. 6-meter parabolic high-gain antenna, medium-gain antenna ( MGA ) and low-gain antennas ( LGA ) depending on mission phase, and a 15-watt transponder design originally intended for the Cassini spacecraft.

For storing data when the spacecraft was unable to communicate with Earth, the processor card was able to store 128-megabytes, 20 % of which was occupied by the flight system software.

For an ellipse the eccentricity is between 0 and 1 ( 0 < e < 1 ).

For comparison, the other two general conic sections, the ellipse and the parabola, derive from the corresponding Greek words for " deficient " and " comparable "; these terms may refer to the eccentricity of these curves, which is greater than one ( hyperbola ), less than one ( ellipse ) and exactly one ( parabola ), respectively.

For example, asteroids of the Alinda family are in or close to the 3: 1 resonance, with their orbital eccentricity steadily increased by interactions with Jupiter until they eventually have a close encounter with an inner planet that ejects them from the resonance.

For objects at such high eccentricity, the Suns barycentric coordinates are more stable than heliocentric coordinates .</ li >

For selected objects, the eccentricity of the orbits is represented by red segments ( extending from perihelion to aphelion ).

* For a given semi-major axis the orbital period does not depend on the eccentricity ( See also: Kepler's third law ).

For orbits with small eccentricity, the length of the orbit

For an object in an eccentric orbit orbiting a much larger body, the length of the orbit decreases with eccentricity, and is given at ellipse.

For the next 100, 000 years, with variations in eccentricity being relatively small, variations in obliquity will be dominant.

For the current orbital eccentricity this amounts to a variation in incoming solar radiation of about 6. 8 %, while the current difference between perihelion and aphelion is only 3. 4 % ( 5. 1 million km ).

For a Molniya orbit, set the semi-major axis to 26562 km and eccentricity to 0. 74105.

For the first 20 years of its run, the characters did not age, and the strip was nominally episodic as opposed to a serial, with humor derived from visual gags and the eccentricity of the characters.

For Kepler orbits the eccentricity vector is a constant of motion.

* For a given semi-major axis the orbital period does not depend on the eccentricity ( See also: Kepler's third law ).

Note: For circular orbits apse line is not defined, because eccentricity is equal to zero.

For objects at such high eccentricity, the Suns barycentric coordinates are more stable than heliocentric coordinates.

For its part, Patricia Iezzi, who made his PhD thesis on " Poetics and Poetry of Julio Carreras ( h ) for the Facoltà ' di Lingue e Letterature Straniera-University of Pescara, Italy, says :" One of the stories arouses more wonder is the " Black Hand Chusa " irony, exhibitionism, boastfulness eccentricity and decorate to this character with the withered hand, Uta, who had been in the Salamanca and must address a series of surreal events and unbelievable situations.