For most speakers ( even native speakers ), this form of the language is generally difficult to understand, as it contains many highly specialised terms for diplomatic, internal, official, and military matters.

For a simple substance, during an adiabatic process in which the volume increases, the internal energy of the working substance must decrease

For an ideal gas, the temperature remains constant because the internal energy only depends on temperature in that case.

For an ideal gas the internal energy is given by

For instance, internal aerodynamics encompasses the study of the airflow through a jet engine or through an air conditioning pipe.

For instance, F could be expanded into an expression for the frictional force acting on an internal flow.

For example, the internal clock frequency of the original IBM PC was 4. 77 MHz, that is, Hz.

For the vehicle engine, see internal combustion engine.

For example, it can be detected in the exhaust of internal combustion engines and tobacco smoke.

Nonetheless, Wilson believed that, in all cases, corporations “ should be erected with caution, and inspected with care .” The actions of corporations were clearly circumscribed: “ To every corporation a name must be assigned ; and by that name alone it can perform legal acts .” For non-binding external actions or transactions, corporations enjoyed the same latitude as private individuals ; but it was with an eye to internal affairs that many saw principal advantage in incorporation.

For a spinning object, internal tensile stress provides the centripetal forces that make the parts of the object trace out circular motions.

For example, sales data might be aggregated to weekly totals and converted from internal product codes to use UPCs so that it can be compared with ACNielsen data.

For example, changes in the internal level do not affect application programs written using conceptual level interfaces, which saves substantial change work that would be needed otherwise.

For quasistatic processes under constant pressure, ΔH is equal to the change in the internal energy of the system, plus the work that the system has done on its surroundings.

For example, one of IBM's FORTRAN compilers ( H Extended IUP ) had a level of optimization which reordered the machine code instructions to keep multiple internal arithmetic units busy simultaneously.

For example, in his writings about a young man afflicted with the plague, he concentrated on the treatment of internal and external ulcerations.

For internal combustion engines in the form of jet engines, the power output varies drastically with airspeed and a less variable measure is used: thrust specific fuel consumption ( TSFC ), which is the number of pounds of propellant needed to generate impulses that measure a pound force-hour.

For example, Bernard Williams ( 1981 ) argues that there are really only internal reasons for action.

For more advanced systems, during one phase of its working loop, the processor set its " internal state byte " on the data bus.

" For the Asharis it is centred on internal taṣdīḳjudgment of veracity, for the Māturīdī-Ḥanafīs on the expressed profession of faith and the adherence of the heart, for the Muʿtazilīs on the performance of the ' prescribed duties ', for the Ḥanbalīs and the Wahhābīs on the profession of faith and the performance of the basic duties.

For both Marx and Hegel, self-development begins with an experience of internal alienation stemming from this recognition, followed by a realisation that the actual self, as a subjective agent, renders its potential counterpart an object to be apprehended.

For example, in internal conversion decay, the energy from an excited nucleus may be used to eject one of the inner orbital electrons from the atom, in a process which produces high speed electrons, but is not beta decay, and ( unlike beta decay ) does not transmute one element to another.

For a generic solid object without any axis of symmetry, the evolution of the object's orientation, represented ( for example ) by a rotation matrix that transforms internal to external coordinates, may be numerically simulated.

For example for internal combustion engines, single and two-cylinder designs are common in smaller vehicles such as motorcycles, while automobiles typically have between four and eight, and locomotives, and ships may have a dozen cylinders or more.

For a freshman Congressman to read political Lessons to graybeard Democrats was poor policy for one who needed to make friends.

For him to ignore the political consequences involved in an Atlantic Union of this kind is difficult to understand.

For both economic and political reasons all segments of the population must be able to share in the growth of a country.

For a number of years, Wesleyan has been drawing varied groups of political and business leaders into these informal discussions with members of the faculty and student body, attempting to explore and clarify aspects of their responsibility for public policy.

For example, paintings glorified aristocracy in the early 17th century when leadership was needed to nationalize small political groupings, but later as leadership became oppressive, satirization increased and subjects were less concerned with leaders and more with more common plights of mankind.

For almost the next 1, 000 years, these states, their relations with each other, and their effects on the peoples who lived in stateless societies along their peripheries dominated Chad's political history.

For much of the PRC's population, living standards have seen extremely large improvements and freedom continues to expand, but political controls remain tight and rural areas poor.

For example, he applies the word fides, which traditionally meant faithfulness towards one's political allies, to his relationship with Lesbia and reinterprets it as unconditional faithfulness in love.

For example: as cultures change and the political environment shifts, societies may criminalise or decriminalise certain behaviours, which directly affects the statistical crime rates, influence the allocation of resources for the enforcement of laws, and ( re -) influence the general public opinion.

For example, the CCTV New Year's Gala usually promotes couplets reflecting current political themes in mainland China.

For example, in the political controversy over anthropogenic climate change that is prevalent in the United States-it has been thought that those who are opposed to the scientific consensus did so because of a lack of evidence.

For political reasons, analyzing these varieties as " languages " or " dialects " yields inconsistent results: British and American English, spoken by close political and military allies, are almost universally regarded as dialects of a single language, whereas the standard languages of Serbia and Croatia, which differ from each other to a similar extent as the dialects of English, are being treated by some linguists from the region as distinct languages, largely because the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies.

For his political writings on doublespeak and hypocrisy, Noam Chomsky received the Orwell Award ( which ' recognizes writers who have made outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse ') in 1987 and 1989.

For example, government-sponsored killings for political reasons would be considered democide.

For a fairly long time, a shōgun ( formally the imperial generalissimo, but made hereditary ) or regent wielded actual political power.

For instance, some argue that modern representative democracy is a realization of political egalitarianism, while in reality, most political power still resides in the hands of a ruling class, rather than in the hands of the people.

For instance, several recent studies and surveys by sociologists and political scientists that utilize more complex definitional parameters have estimated the number of evangelicals in the U. S. at about 25 – 30 % of the population, or roughly between 70 and 80 million people.

For the next four years Orwell mixed journalistic work – mainly for Tribune, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News, though he also contributed to many small-circulation political and literary magazines – with writing his best-known work, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which was published in 1949.

For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education ; the discontinuation of religious and other titles ; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled after Switzerland's and a penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code ; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of full political rights to women on 5 December 1934 ; the language reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish Language Association ; replacement of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin alphabet ; the dress law ( the wearing of a fez, is outlawed ); the law on family names ; and many others.

For non-executive heads of state there is often a degree of censorship by the politically responsible government ( such as the head of government ), discreetly approving agenda and speeches, especially where the constitution ( or customary law ) assumes all political responsibility by granting the crown inviolability ( in fact also imposing political emasculation ) as in the Kingdom of Belgium from its very beginning ; in a monarchy this may even be extended to some degree to other members of the dynasty, especially the heir to the throne.

: For Islamists, the primary threat of the West is cultural rather than political or economic.