For many of these measurements the chest must be opened, but the blood vessels and the heart itself remain undisturbed.

For example: in Africa, the bronze heads of the Kingdom of Benin ; in Europe, Grecian bronzes typically of figures from Greek mythology ; in east Asia, Chinese bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasty — more often ceremonial vessels but including some figurine examples.

For instance, Vesalius noted that the heart had four chambers, the liver two lobes, and that the blood vessels originated in the heart, not the liver.

For instance, during the Second Barbary War President James Madison authorized the Salem, Mass., brig Grand Turk to cruise against " Algerine vessels, public or private, goods and effects, of or belonging to the Dey of Algiers ".

For example, using the CDC definition requires that intestinal tissue be so severely damaged that blood vessels have ruptured, allowing visible quantities of blood to be lost with defecation.

For recreation, however, sailing vessels remain popular.

For centuries Marstal vessels have sailed the seven seas, and even today the town is the home port for a considerable number of coasters.

For example, in advanced atherosclerosis, bruits ( and therefore turbulent flow ) can be heard in some vessels that have been narrowed by the disease process.

For example, fish use it in their gills to transfer oxygen from the surrounding water into their blood, and birds use a countercurrent heat exchanger between blood vessels in their legs to keep heat concentrated within their bodies.

For these reasons, the vast majority of waterjet units are installed in high-speed vessels and in particular situations where shallow draught, maneuverability, and load flexibility are main concerns.

For instance, from July to November 1940, the British cruisers and maintained a watch to ensure that the French aircraft carrier Béarn and the other French naval vessels in Martinique did not slip away to Europe.

For example, Nikola Tesla patented an idea for the remote control of vessels and vehicles in 1898.

For plants that cannot be preserved in seedbanks, the only other option for preserving germplasm is in-vitro storage, where cuttings of plants are kept under strict conditions in glass tubes and vessels.

: For exceptionally meritorious conduct ... as Commander Destroyer Squadron Twenty-three, in action against enemy Japanese forces northwest of the Bismarck Archipelago, at Kavieng, New Ireland, and Duke of York Island, February 17 to 23, 1944 ... ( He ) expertly directed his squadron in destroying two Japanese naval auxiliary vessels, one large cargo ship, a mine layer, four barges and inflicting severe damage on enemy shore installations and subsequently effected a skillful withdrawal without damage to his vessels ...

For the next few years, Harland and Wolff specialised in building standard Suezmax oil tankers, and has continued to concentrate on vessels for the offshore oil and gas industry.

For example, in 1695, the Marquis of Nesmond, with seven ships of the line, captured vessels from the English East India Company that were said to have yielded 10 million livres.

For example in June 1720 when Bartholomew Roberts sailed into the harbour at Trepassey, Newfoundland with black flags flying, the crews of all 22 vessels in the harbour abandoned them in panic.

For example, he propagates the incorrect Galenic notion that a rete mirabile (" miraculous network ") of blood vessels exists at the base of the human brain when it is in fact only present in ungulates.

For thousands of years vessels were powered either by sails, or the mechanical work of oarsmen, or paddlers.

For larger vessels, heavy mooring lines are often passed to the people on the shore by use of smaller, weighted heaving lines.

For that reason it's common to see the initial incision lined with hemostats closing blood vessels awaiting ligation during the initial phases of surgery.

For example, the great arteries are viscolelastic vessels that act like a Windkessel, propagating ventricular contraction and smoothing out the pulsatile flow, and the smooth muscle within the tunica media contributes to this property.

For instance, most blood vessels respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine ( from sympathetic stimulation or the adrenal medulla ) by producing vasoconstriction ( this response is mediated through alpha 1-adrenergic receptors ).

For the case of Jupiter, the radio emission spectrum is definitely not like the spectrum of a black-body radiator, and it seems very likely that the radiation reaching the earth is a combination of thermal radiation from the atmosphere and non-thermal components.

For example, for about a 15 % premium in building costs, the Passivhaus building codes in Europe use high performance insulating windows, R-30 insulation, HRV ventilation, and a small thermal mass.

For these thermal effects, the frequency of the radiation is important only as it affects radiation penetration into the organism ( for example microwaves penetrate better than infrared ).

For comparison, the most efficient small four-stroke motors are around 43 % thermal efficiency ( SAE 900648 ); size is an advantage for efficiency due to the increase in the ratio of volume to surface area.

" For thermal ( slow-neutron ) fission reactors, the typical prompt neutron lifetime is on the order of 10 < sup >− 4 </ sup > seconds, and for fast fission reactors, the prompt neutron lifetime is on the order of 10 < sup >− 7 </ sup > seconds.

For more information on thermal storage, see

For example, the stability of bulk matter ( which consists of atoms and molecules which would quickly collapse under electric forces alone ), the rigidity of solids, and the mechanical, thermal, chemical, optical and magnetic properties of matter are all results of the interaction of electric charges under the rules of quantum mechanics.

For instance, blackbody radiation is due to the thermal motions of atoms and molecules within a material.

For both solar thermal and nuclear power generation in airless environments, such as the Moon and space, and to a lesser extent the very thin Martian atmosphere, one of the main difficulties is dispersing the inevitable heat generated.

For two bodies known to be at the same temperature, if one seeks to decide if they will be in thermal equilibrium when put into thermal contact, it is not necessary to actually bring them into contact and measure any changes of their observable properties in time.

For other large TNOs, diameters can be estimated by thermal measurements.

For a short line, the heating of conductors due to line losses sets a thermal limit.

For example, this material has a high thermal inertia, or thermal inertia plays an important role in this system, which means that dynamic effects are prevalent in a model, so that a steady-state calculation will yield inaccurate results.

For planetary surface materials, thermal inertia is the key property controlling the diurnal and seasonal surface temperature variations and is typically dependent on the physical properties of near-surface geologic materials.

For diffusion of heat ( thermal diffusion ), the Péclet number is defined as:

For mercury, heat conduction is very effective compared to convection: thermal diffusivity is dominant.

For general scientific use, thermal conductance is the quantity of heat that passes in unit time through a plate of particular area and thickness when its opposite faces differ in temperature by one kelvin.

For a plate of thermal conductivity k, area A and thickness L this is kA / L, measured in W · K < sup >− 1 </ sup > ( equivalent to: W /° C ).

For example, if a component produces 100 W of heat, and has a thermal resistance of 0. 5 ° C / W, what is the maximum thermal resistance of the heat sink?

For example a passive solar thermal array which does not rely on pumps and sensors will only start circulating when a certain amount of internal energy has built up in the system.

For example a solar thermal array could heat a swimming pool on a relatively cool morning where heating a domestic hot water cylinder was impractical due to the different stored water temperatures.

For example, when outside temperatures are fluctuating throughout the day, a large thermal mass within the insulated portion of a house can serve to " flatten out " the daily temperature fluctuations, since the thermal mass will absorb thermal energy when the surroundings are higher in temperature than the mass, and give thermal energy back when the surroundings are cooler, without reaching thermal equilibrium.