If several devices are cascaded, the total noise factor can be found with Friis ' Formula:

Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands, and competition from rival series, one example, was the Japanese Touring Car Championship ( JTCC ), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise, also keeping the front aerodynamic devices basic in 1997 and in 1998 with the withdrawal of Nissan due to financial problems and Honda, to commit to its Formula One ( F1 ) programme, and realising it would be less expensive for them to race their NSX in the All-Japan Grand Touring Car Championship ( JGTC ), leaving Toyota as the sole factory manufacturer to compete using their Corona EXIVs and Chasers.

The FIA doubled the Formula One engine capacity limit to 3 litres for the 1966 season and suitable engines were scarce.

Non-championship Formula One events were held for many years but, due to the increasing cost of competition, the last of these occurred in 1983.

Formula 3000 replaced Formula Two, and was so named because the engines used initially were 3. 0 L ( 183ci ) Cosworth DFV engines made obsolete by popularization of 1. 5 L turbocharged engines in Formula One.

The first chassis from March, AGS and Ralt were developments of their existing 1984 Formula Two designs, although Lola's entry was based on and looked very much like an IndyCar.

A few smaller teams tried obsolete three-litre Formula One cars ( from Tyrrell, Williams, Minardi and RAM ), with little success — the Grand Prix and Indycar-derived entries were too unwieldy — their fuel tanks were about twice the size of those needed for F3000 races, and the weight distribution was not ideal.

Cooper had no experience in GT or prototype and its performances in Formula One were declining.

The high speeds achieved in that race caused a rule change, which already came in effect in 1968: the prototypes were limited to the capacity of to 3. 0 litre, the same as in Formula One.

Afterward, he was content to be a highly paid character actor in parts that were glorified cameos in Superman ( 1978 ) and The Formula ( 1980 ) before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures.

Michael and his younger brother Ralf Schumacher are the only brothers to win races in Formula One, and they were the first brothers to finish 1st and 2nd in the same race, in Montreal in 2001, and there again ( in switched order ) in 2003.

For the 2010 Formula One season, the Sporting Regulations were changed so that a former driver sits on the stewards ' panel.

After the crash, Hunt ( along with other drivers ) blamed Patrese for starting the accident, and viewers of Hunt's commentaries of Formula One races from 1980 – 1993 on BBC Television were regularly treated to bitter diatribes against Patrese when the Italian appeared on screen.

Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman and Spirit teams were sold to the Benetton family.

Pirelli were also the official tyre supplier of the World Rally Championship replacing BF Goodrich for the 2008 season, with all cars using Pirelli tyres and wearing Pirelli decals until the company withdrew to focus on its Formula 1 commitments at the end of the 2010 season.

Between 1967 and 1971, Pratt & Whitney turbine engines were used in American Championship Car Racing and Formula One.

Turbine cars were deemed illegal before the following year's race, so Lotus chief Colin Chapman developed the car for use in Formula One and an updated 56B competed in half a dozen Formula One races in 1971.

Reinforced carbon discs and pads inspired by aircraft braking systems such as those used on Concorde were introduced in Formula One by Brabham in conjunction with Dunlop in 1976.

The weak points are the game's difficulty as the cars are quite difficult to drive well ( although many fans consider this to be a virtue, as Formula One cars of that era were difficult to drive compared to modern high-downforce cars ), and some minor physics flaws such as primitive aerodynamic modelling.

For Christmas 2011, a new single seater mod came available. The F2 1967 Mod provide new accurate cars shapes, drivers, car sounds and physics. The Formula 2 physics were intended to get close racing online, with most of the cars sharing the same Ford Cosworth FVA 1600cc engine. Despite this, as others GPL mods, the F2 mod benefit of the extended 11 different cars slots with their individual handling. In 1967, drivers took part in no less than 23 Formula 2 races.

The Williams team were reigning constructors ' champions, having beaten Benetton in 1994, and with young David Coulthard, who was embarking on his first full season in Formula One, as team-mate, Hill was the clear number one driver.

Pedro Lamy scored his one and only point in Formula 1 with a 6th place in the 1995 Australian Grand Prix ; this result was followed by a long barren spell until Marc Gené finished 6th in the 1999 European Grand Prix.

The block could also be shortened, starting with the Formula Atlantic engine in 1970, followed by the and variants for SCCA club racing and sports car racing.

They were followed over the years by Alain Prost, Pascal Fabre, Olivier Grouillard, Paul Belmondo, Éric Bernard, Érik Comas and Olivier Panis, all of whom became Formula One drivers.

MicroProse also released Geoff Crammond's Formula One Grand Prix to adulation in 1991 ( the Amiga and Atari ST versions were released first, and the DOS version followed in early 1992 ).

A subdued season followed for Sainz in 1999, although it did at least culminate in a departing manufacturers ' title for Toyota, by now fostering alternative interests in Formula One.

The first Formula One race was held in 14 August 1958 in Boavista, followed in 1959 by a Grand Prix at Monsanto, return to Boavista in 1960, after which it was ended.

However, with the bankruptcy of Reynard in 2002, and the withdrawal of G-Force a year earlier, Formula Nippon once again followed F3000's lead in becoming a one-make series.

The second race at Brands Hatch saw Yoong record a second place behind Narain Karthikeyan which was followed up with another sixth at Oulton Park before leaving the series for Formula 3000.

But it was not until the late 1950s that RMR reappeared in Grand Prix ( today's " Formula One ") races in the form of the Cooper-Climax ( 1957 ), soon followed by cars from BRM and Lotus.

In common with many other new Formula One circuits, it was designed by Hermann Tilke, and also features his trademark track feature: a long back straight followed by a hairpin turn.

An immediate outcry from the Formula One Constructors Association ( FOCA ) followed, and as the decision happened after the USGP West it was decided that the next race would be boycotted, and that race was Imola.

Lunger's Formula One career started alongside James Hunt in the Hesketh team in 1975, followed by a season with Surtees in 1976.

Progressing to Formula Three, he won the 1981 British Formula Three Championship, which was followed by the 1983 European Formula Two Championship.

The Formula One World Championship driver competition at this juncture in 1961 was led by Hill with 19 points followed by von Trips with 18.

In 1989, Badoer moved to single-seater racing, joining the Trivellato team in the Italian Formula Three Championship driving a Dallara / Alfa Romeo that followed a move to MRD in 1990.

He followed this up by finishing as runner-up in the British Formula Ford 2000 cc series the following year.

A step up to Formula Three followed in 1985 with West Surrey Racing, winning the British championship and the prestigious Macau Grand Prix.

Evans followed the usual route through to Formula One, via Formula Ford, Formula 3 and Formula 5000 where he was British champion in 1974.

Natili started in Formula One with Scuderia Centro Sud in 1961 with a retirement from the Syracuse Grand Prix, followed by a failure to qualify for the Naples Grand Prix.

British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, and later became responsible for administering the commercial aspects of Formula One.

There he started driving for the Cooper Car Company works team and by 1958 had progressed with them to Formula One, the highest category of open wheel racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l ' Automobile ( FIA ), motor sport's world governing body.

The new company would compete with Cooper in the market for customer racing cars ; as Brabham was still employed by Cooper, Tauranac produced the first MRD car, for the entry level Formula Junior class, in secrecy.

Motor Racing Developments initially concentrated on making money by building cars for sale to customers in lower formulae, so the new car for the Formula One team was not ready until partway through the 1962 Formula One season.

Graham Hill took his final Formula One win in the unique " lobster claw ". Tauranac signed double world champion Graham Hill and young Australian Tim Schenken to drive for the 1971 season.

Tauranac, an engineer at heart, started to feel his Formula One budget of around £ 100, 000 was a gamble he could not afford to take on his own and began to look around for an experienced business partner.

The Dutch Grand Prix was a round of the World Drivers Championship for the first time not a Formula One race, as the World Championship was for Formula Two cars that year and in 1953.

There was no GP at Zandvoort in 1954 ( a sportscar-event replaced it ), but 1955 saw the first proper Formula One race counting for the World Championship.

Rudolph Gore-Slimey ), has stolen his design for a race car engine and has become a world champion Formula One driver.

A draft specification for The IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System was completed by mid-1954.

Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has had great success.

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in a range of categories including Formula One and sports car racing through its Scuderia Ferrari sporting division as well as supplying cars and engines to other teams and for one make series.

The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l ' Automobile ( FIA ) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter the Formula One championship.

The following year the calendar was combined with that of Formula One, so the series became support races for the Grand Prix.