Tod Browning's Dracula ( 1931 ), with Bela Lugosi, was quickly followed by James Whale's Frankenstein ( also 1931 ).

Frankenstein was the first in a series which lasted for many years, although Karloff only featured as the monster in Bride of Frankenstein ( 1935 ), again directed by Whale, and Son of Frankenstein ( 1939 ).

Often starring Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee, and drawing on Universal's precedent, these films include The Curse of Frankenstein ( 1957 ), and Dracula ( 1958 ), both followed by many sequels, with director Terence Fisher being responsible for many of the best films.

Victor in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein manifests hubris in his attempt to become a great scientist by causing life through technological means, but eventually regrets this previous desire.

Noting that Whale's reputation has been subsumed by the " Karloff cult ", Sarris cites Bride of Frankenstein as the " true gem " of the Frankenstein series and concludes that Whale's career " reflects the stylistic ambitions and dramatic disappointments of an expressionist in the studio-controlled Hollywood of the thirties ".

Whale's final months are the subject of the 1995 novel Father of Frankenstein by Christopher Bram.

* 1995: Waking The Moon by Elizabeth Hand and The Memoirs Of Elizabeth Frankenstein by Theodore Roszak

Marge's distinctive blue beehive hairstyle was inspired by a combination of the Bride's in Bride of Frankenstein and the style that Margaret Groening wore in the 1960s.

" Marge's beehive hairstyle was inspired by the titular Bride in Bride of Frankenstein and the style that Margaret Groening wore during the 1960s, although her hair was never blue.

This sub-plot has an obvious similarity to the story of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and even more so, perhaps, to subsequent film adaptations of the novel ( the novel itself does not present electricity as Frankenstein's means of creating the monster.

* Doc Frankenstein – created by Geof Darrow and Steve Skroce, written by the Wachowskis, with art by Skroce.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, and many short stories by Edgar Allan Poe had a formidable impact.

Other studios were free to make films with the Frankenstein creature, for example, but could not use the costume and style of makeup originally created by Jack Pierce for the 1931 Universal Studios film Frankenstein.

In fact Frankenstein's Monster was once a daikaiju in the film Frankenstein vs. Baragon, which was created by Toho.

There was also a variant of Dr. Frankenstein, the mad surgeon Dr. Gogol ( played by Peter Lorre ), who transplanted hands that were reanimated with malevolent temperaments, in the film Mad Love.

Karloff would revisit the Frankenstein mythos in several later films as well, starring with the role of the villainous Dr. Niemann in House of Frankenstein ( 1944 ), in which the Monster was played by Glenn Strange.

During these visits Shelley wrote the poem " Mont Blanc ", Byron wrote " The Prisoner of Chillon " and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm.

Albertus is also mentioned, along with Agrippa and Paracelsus, in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, in which his writings influence a young Victor Frankenstein.

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Albertus Magnus is referred to as one of Victor Frankenstein's chosen readings.

Mary Shelley employs the epistolary form in her novel Frankenstein ( 1818 ).

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

One of the first writers of science fiction was Mary Shelley, whose novel Frankenstein ( 1818 ) dealt with the asexual creation of new life, a re-telling of the Adam and Eve story.

Many writers and historians recently have stated Aldini was an inspiration for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein due to his many public experimentations of bio-electric Galvanism.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ; or, the Modern Prometheus ( 1818 ) has come to define Gothic fiction in the Romantic period.

This occasion was productive of both Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ( 1818 ) and Polidori's The Vampyre ( 1819 ).

The Gothic tradition continued in the 19th century, in such works as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ( 1818 ), Edgar Allan Poe's short stories, the works of Sheridan Le Fanu, Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ( 1886 ), Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray ( 1890 ), and Bram Stoker's Dracula ( 1897 ).

* 1816 – Lord Byron reads Fantasmagoriana to his four house guests at the Villa Diodati, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, Claire Clairmont, and John Polidori, and inspires his challenge that each guest write a ghost story, which culminated in Mary Shelley writing the novel Frankenstein, John Polidori writing the short story The Vampyre, and Byron writing the poem Darkness.

Bride hearkened back to an episode from Mary Shelley's original novel in which the Monster promises to leave Frankenstein and humanity alone if Frankenstein makes him a mate.

In particular, he was regarded in the Romantic era as embodying the lone genius whose efforts to improve human existence could also result in tragedy: Mary Shelley, for instance, gave The Modern Prometheus as the subtitle to her novel Frankenstein ( 1818 ).

Mary Shelley's 1818 novel Frankenstein is subtitled " The Modern Prometheus ", in reference to the novel's themes of the over-reaching of modern man into dangerous areas of knowledge.

) Brian Aldiss has argued that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ( 1818 ) was the first work of science fiction.

Following the 18th-century development of the novel as a literary form, in the early 19th century, Mary Shelley's books Frankenstein and The Last Man helped define the form of the science fiction novel ; later Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon.

One of the defining classical works of horror, Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein, is the first fully realized work of science fiction, where the manufacture of the monster is given a rigorous science-fictional grounding.

Mary Shelley wrote a number of science fiction novels including Frankenstein, and is treated as a major Romantic writer.

* January 1 – Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is published.

Shelley uses the letters as one of a variety of framing devices, as the story is presented through the letters of a sea captain and scientific explorer attempting to reach the north pole who encounters Victor Frankenstein and records the dying man's narrative and confessions.

* Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, best known as the author of Frankenstein, wrote a romance on the subject of Warbeck, the The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck, published in London in 1830.

Just as her earlier and more well-known Frankenstein ( 1818 ) engaged with scientific questions of electromagnetism, chemistry, and materialism, The Last Man finds Shelley again attempting to understand the scope of scientific inquiry.

Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after " Frankenstein ": Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth.

The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond Frankenstein.

The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond Frankenstein.

The Other Mary Shelley: Beyond Frankenstein.

Iconoclastic Departures: Mary Shelley after " Frankenstein ": Essays in Honor of the Bicentenary of Mary Shelley's Birth.

*" The Wounded Philoctetes " by Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, 1775, now in the Statens Museum for Kunst in Copenhagen, which is also used as the front cover for the Penguin Classics edition of the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley.

* Galvani's report of his investigations were mentioned specifically by Mary Shelley as part of the summer reading list leading up to an ad hoc ghost story contest on a rainy day in Switzerland — and the resultant novel Frankenstein — and its reanimated construct.

* Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, author of Frankenstein, lived in Putney at Layton House in 1839, and White House in 1843

They decided to have a contest to see who could write the scariest story, leading Shelley to write Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus and Lord Byron to write " A Fragment ", which Polidori later stole and rewrote as The Vampyre — a precursor to Dracula.

* Mary Shelley, English novelist famous for writing Frankenstein and wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley