In mathematics, the Frattini subgroup Φ ( G ) of a group G is the intersection of all maximal subgroups of G. For the case that G has no maximal subgroups, for example the trivial group e or the Prüfer group, it is defined by Φ ( G ) = G. It is analogous to the Jacobson radical in the theory of rings, and intuitively can be thought of as the subgroup of " small elements " ( see the " non-generator " characterization below ).

The Commissioner has been pushing for greater cooperation along Europe's borders, in March proposing backing Frontex with what Frattini describes as an " embryo of what the European coastguard " would be.

In 2008 Frattini has resigned as Commissioner to take part in the Berlusconi IV as Foreign Minister.

Frattini has openly supported the push-back policy, contrary to the international principle of non-refoulement qualificandola come " doverosa applicazione delle regole europee ", criticizing as " unworthy " the 2010 report of Amnesty International which highlighted the critical importance of this policy in the light of international and European law.

The reaction of the Italian diplomacy, led by Frattini, to the uprisings of the Arab Spring and to the Libyan civil war has been defined as " reactive " and " unrealistic " by the ISPI-IAI 2012 report edited by professors Alessandro Colombo and Ettore Greco ,.

* The Frattini subgroup of has the property

In 2012 Frattini received the honorary citizenship of the city of Tirana.

Despite planning to introduce permanent patrols, Frattini was criticised for contributing to the migration situation in Malta ; due to the island's position, Malta receives a lot of illegal immigrants attempting to cross to Europe.

* the Frattini Act on conflict of interest ;

Among the best-known people who have attended Sapienza University of Rome are Somali President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke ; Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti ; Italian political leaders Franco Frattini and Antonio Tajani ; Italian Constitutional Court President Leopoldo Elia ; Roman Catholic Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe ; Nobel Laureate in Physics Emilio Segrè ; actors Carlo Verdone and Christian De Sica ; archaeologist Carlo Fea ; architects Pietro Belluschi, Romaldo Giurgola and Massimiliano Fuksas ; astronaut Umberto Guidoni ; civil servant Mario Catania ; diplomat Sergio Balanzino ; economists Paolo Leon, Mario Draghi and Ignazio Visco ; footballers Valerio Fiori and Andrea Stramaccioni ; mathematicians Ennio De Giorgi and Gaetano Fichera ; microbiologist Clelia Giacobini ; physicists Domenico Pacini, Piero Giorgio Bordoni, Giovanni Ciccotti and Giorgio Parisi ; writers Daria Galateria and Cristina Ali Farah

Mark Mardell of the BBC news reported: On the Monday the Conference was to begin, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini ( who was until last year the European commissioner for security and justice ) had told the Italian newspaper Il Giornale that Europe's failure to agree on a common approach was " a very serious mistake, because it shows our inability, despite all the words uttered in this connection, to come up with at least a lowest common denominator on a basic problem: namely the struggle against discrimination, on behalf of which we in Brussels so often speak out ".

With countries such as Spain not even having a crime against shipping toxic waste, Franco Frattini, the Justice, Freedom and Security Commissioner, proposed with Dimas to create criminal sentences for “ ecological crimes ”.

In 2007 Frattini was censored by the European Parliament for his utterances against the freedom of movement of persons in the EU.

In March 2009, Frattini condemned the World Conference against Racism in 2009 of ' UN, defining not acceptable the proposed document, containing the alleged anti-Israel definition of racism emerged in the 2001 conference, which qualified the Zionism as a form of racist.

Article 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation n. 115 of 07. 25. 2002 provides for a limit of 90 days of stay only for those who are not subject to the visa regime, but the agreement drafted by Frattini extends this limit to all citizens of the Union.

According to Riccardo Barenghi, former director of Il manifesto, Frattini had started his political activity, between the 1970s and 1980s, working with the Communist extra-parliamentary group of the same newspaper.

From 2008 to 2001, during the Berlusconi IV Cabinet, Frattini was back as Foreign Minister of Berlusconi, as between 2002 and 2004.

Again all ministerial key-posts were given to Forza Italia members: interior ( Claudio Scajola 2001 – 2002, Giuseppe Pisanu 2002 – 2006 ), defence ( Antonio Martino 2001 – 2006 ), finance ( Giulio Tremonti, 2001 – 2004 and 2005 – 2006 ), industry ( Antonio Marzano 2001 – 2005, Claudio Scajola 2005 – 2006 ) and foreign affairs ( Franco Frattini, 2002 – 2004 ).

He also sent a letter to Mr. Franco Frattini, the European Commissioner of Justice and Internal Affairs, where he suggested that in case the EU decides to ban Nazi symbols, Communist symbols should be banned too.

EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini said it would not be appropriate to include the red star and the hammer and sickle in a draft EU law on racism.

At the start of 2007, Frattini backed an Italian push for EU support of a worldwide ban on the death penalty.

During his time as EU Commissioner Frattini argued for a more liberal EU migration policy.

In February 2011, after the revolts of the Arab Spring, Frattini claimed to want to " mobilize the Mediterranean countries " and the EU countries, through the agency Frontex, for patrols and rejections.

On 28 November 2005, EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini asserted that any EU country which had operated a secret prison would have its voting rights suspended.

EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini quickly expressed his shock at the verdict and called for the decision to be reviewed, as was done by the Bulgarian government and international organizations, including Amnesty International, the World Medical Association and the International Council of Nurses.

On 8 May 2008, he was appointed as Italy's EU Commissioner by newly elected Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, replacing Franco Frattini, new Italian foreign minister.

In July 2006, the Dutch parliament wrote a letter to EU Commissioner Frattini with a thorough legal analysis of the proposed directive, concluding that the subject-matter of the proposed directive definitely falls outside the European Community ’ s competence ( as defined in the EU treaties ).

However, requiring that G / Z be a finite vector space requires the Frattini subgroup of G to be contained in the center, and requiring that Z be a one dimensional vector space over Z / p Z requires that Z have order p, so if G is not abelian, then G is extra special.

With the evolution of the conflict, Frattini and Italian diplomats have reverted to the " usual option of band-wagoning with the strongest allies ", facilitated in this by the " dilution Franco-British unilateralism in a multilateral NATO " framework and by the guarantee of American participation.

Frattini and Italian diplomats have also lost the initiative in proposing Italy in Europe as a driver or co-engine of pro-integration coalitions, focusing on Europe, only in a " casual and careless " way, and basing important bilateral relations ( with Russia and Turkey, for instance ) irrespective from the international and European context, in a policy of " coasting ".

Frattini stated in August 2007 that he is " convinced that Europe will have its general prosecutor in the future " and suggested that the Commission was just waiting for the treaty to come into force.

Several prominent leaders, including former French President Nicolas Sarkozy, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini and former Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt, have voiced support for a common defence for the Union.

On 22 October 2010 Frattini declared to Osservatore Romano that Judaism, Christianity and Islam should form an alliance to counter atheism, which he defined in the same interview a " perverse phenomenon " as much as extremism.

Frattini continued, " I should imagine that a compromise was preferred at any price.

NIAF's 2009 public policy programs on Capitol Hill featured prominent Italians and Italian Americans as keynote speakers, including Leon Panetta, Director of the CIA, and Franco Frattini, Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Republic of Italy.

* November 14-Franco Frattini is appointed foreign minister of Italy.

Several members were former Socialists ( PSI ), as Giulio Tremonti ( Vice President of the party and former Minister of Economy ), Franco Frattini ( Vice President of the European Commission ), Fabrizio Cicchitto ( national deputy-coordinator of the party ), Renato Brunetta, Francesco Musotto, Amalia Sartori, Paolo Guzzanti and Margherita Boniver.

It is named after Giovanni Frattini, who defined the concept in a paper published in 1885.

He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Candido Maria Frattini on 7 April 1821.

The European Commissioner for Justice, Franco Frattini, initially expressed support for the idea, but the proposal was eventually withdrawn because there was no consensus on which symbols to ban.

European Commissioner Franco Frattini said in November 2006, that he did not favour a ban on the burqa.

Franco Frattini ( born 14 March 1957 in Rome ) is an Italian politician.

Frattini attended the " Giulio Cesare " Classical High School in Rome and graduated in law in 1979.

In 1986 Frattini was named member of the Italian Council of State and legal adviser of the Treasury Ministry.

Frattini was secretary of the FGSI, the federation of the young Italian socialists and a member of the Italian Socialist Party.

Frattini was nominated Secretary-General of Presidency of the Council of Ministers during the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994-1995.

In 1996 Frattini is a candidate to the elections within the Pole for Freedoms, the electoral coalition of Forza Italia.

In 2001 Frattini was a candidate for the Chamber of Deputies in the constituency of Bolzano, supported by House of Freedom.

From November 14, 2002 to November 18, 2004 Frattini served as Foreign Minister: the appointment of Frattini followed ten months of interim by Berlusconi himself, after the resignation of the forme FM Renato Ruggiero due to his contrasts with the foreign policies of the government.

The Frattini law received the harsh criticism of the Venice Commission of Council of Europe on its compatibility with international standards in the field of freedom of expression and pluralism of the media.