The idea of a single climatic climax, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s.

From about 1900 to 1960, however, understanding of succession was dominated by the theories of Frederic Clements, a contemporary of Cowles, who held that seres were highly predictable and deterministic and converged on a climatically determined stable climax community regardless of starting conditions.

Clements and his followers developed a complex taxonomy of communities and successional pathways ( see article on Frederic Clements ).

Ecological succession was formerly seen as having a stable end-stage called the climax ( see Frederic Clements ), sometimes referred to as the ' potential vegetation ' of a site, and shaped primarily by the local climate.

The work of Frederic E. Clements ( 1916 ) was particularly influential.

* Clements, Frederic E. ( 1916 ).

Also Frederic Clements was much inspired by Warming when starting to working with succession, but more by Oscar Drude in formulating his concept of vegetational climax in his 1916 book.

Through its German edition, the book had immense effect on British and North American scientist like Arthur Tansley, Henry Chandler Cowles and Frederic Clements.

The ecosystem concept has evolved rapidly during the last 100 years with important ideas developed by Frederic Clements, a botanist who argued for specific definitions of ecosystems and that physiological processes were responsible for their development and persistence.

# REDIRECT Frederic Clements

# REDIRECT Frederic Clements

* Frederic Clements, ecologist

Frederic Edward Clements ( September 16, 1874-July 26, 1945 ) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of vegetation succession.

In 1903, the flower Clementsia rhodantha (" Clements ' rose flower "), a stonecrop, was named in honor of Frederic and Edith Clements.

The word " pixel " was first published in 1965 by Frederic C. Billingsley of JPL, to describe the picture elements of video images from space probes to the Moon and Mars.

Though the surviving manuscript dates from the fourteenth century, the first published version of the poem did not appear until as late as 1839, when Sir Frederic Madden of the British Museum recognized the poem as worth reading.

Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee published their mystery novels and stories under the pen name Ellery Queen ( as well as publishing the work of ghost-writers under the same name ).

* 1985 – " The Natural Way Of Farming-The Theory and Practice of Green Philosophy ", translator Frederic P. Metreaud, published by Japan Publications ( ISBN 978-0-87040-613-3 ).

* 1987 – " The Road Back to Nature-Regaining the Paradise Lost ", translator Frederic P. Metreaud, published by Japan Publications ( ISBN 978-0-87040-673-7 ).

* Saboteur ( card game ), a card game by Frederic Moyersoen, published in 2004

The first detailed account of the ruins was published by Jean Frederic Waldeck in 1838.

Cariacature of Frederic Harrison by Carlo Pellegrini ( d. 1889 ) Ape, published in Vanity Fair ( magazine ) | Vanity Fair, 23 / 1 / 1886.

However, sketches of the Sphinx by the Dane Frederic Louis Norden, made in 1737 and published in 1755, illustrate the Sphinx already without a nose.

Founders of papyrology were the Viennese orientalist Joseph von Karabacek ( Arabic papyrology ), Wilhelm Schubart ( Greek papyrology ), the Austrian antiquarian Theodor Graf who acquired more than 100, 000 Greek, Arabic, Coptic and Persian papyri in Egypt, which were bought by the Austrian Archduke Rainer, G. F. Tsereteli who published papyri of Russian and Georgian collections, Frederic George Kenyon, Ulrich Wilcken, Bernard Pyne Grenfell, Arthur Surridge Hunt and other distinguished scientists.

* In March 2012, Frederic Lenormand, author of 18 Judge Dee's New Cases ( Fayard 2004-2011 ), published at Editions Philippe Picquier Un Thé chez Confucius ( A Tea with Confucius ), first novel of his new series, The Judge Bao Cases.

A French version of the Beschreibung was published by Abraham de Wicquefort ( Voyages en Moscovie, Tartarie et Perse, par Adam Olearius, Paris, 1656 ), an English version was made by John Davies of Kidwelly ( Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederic, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, London, 1662 ; and 1669 ), and a Dutch translation by Dieterius van Wageningen ( Beschrijvingh van de nieuwe Parciaensche ofte Orientaelsche Reyse, Utrecht, 1651 ); an Italian translation of the Russian sections also appeared ( Viaggi di Moscovia, Viterbo and Rome, 1658 ).

An Agnostic Reader, collecting pieces by such writers as Isaac Asimov, John William Draper, Albert Einstein, Frederic Harrison, Thomas Henry Huxley, Robert Ingersoll, Corliss Lamont, Arthur Schopenhauer and Edward Westermarck, was published in 2007.

He has commissioned translation into Middle Eastern languages ( Arabic, Kurdish, Persian, and Azeri ) and publication of works by Frederic Bastiat, F. A. Hayek, James Madison, and other libertarian influences, and has published essays in Middle Eastern languages on such topics as " Challenges of Democratization " and " Religion and the Law.

Members of the Society began to collect material, much of which was published in the Society's journal Dialect Notes, but little was done toward compiling a dictionary recording nationwide usage until Frederic G. Cassidy was appointed Chief Editor in 1963.

Members of the Society began to collect material, much of which was published in the Society's journal Dialect Notes, but little was done toward compiling a dictionary recording nationwide usage until Frederic G. Cassidy was appointed Chief Editor in 1962.

However, the phrase has also been attributed to Richard Penn in Alexander Graydon's Memoirs of a Life, and appeared in Frederic Reynolds ' play Life, first published in 1801.

E. A. Wallis Budge of the British Museum acquired it later that year, and the first edition of it by Frederic G. Kenyon was published in January, 1891.

The text was published in 1891 by Frederic George Kenyon.

Its original focus was on religious titles, and its first bestseller was the two-volume Life of Christ by Frederic Farrar, published in 1874.

The first published report on the use of electroconvulsive therapy on patients in England was a collaboration between Gerald Fleming, the medical superintendent of Barnwood House and editor of the Journal of Mental Science, and Frederic Golla and William Grey Walter from the Burden Neurological Institute.

* Frederic Rzewski ( composer and piano ), The People United Will Never Be Defeated !, recorded 1986, published 1990 by HAT HUT RECORDS LTD., Switzerland, hat ART CD 6066.

* Frederic Rzewski ( composer and piano ), The People United Will Never Be Defeated !, in Piano Works, 1975-1999, published 2002, Nonesuch 79623-2.

The Archaeological journal, volume 31 of 1874 on page 339 describes a formula for making a 1584 pomander that was also written up and published by Frederic Madden in his 1831 history book Privy purse expenses of the Princess Mary, daughter of King Henry the Eighth, afterwards Queen Mary on page 257.

Leonora ( 1846 ) by William Henry Fry, the first European-styled " grand " opera composed in the United States of America, is based on Bulwer-Lytton's play The Lady of Lyons, as is Frederic Cowen's first opera Pauline ( 1876 ).

Frederic William Farrar first used the word " glossolalia " in 1879.

It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948.

Newman lost no time in establishing the renowned Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at the University and recruited the engineers Frederic Calland Williams and Thomas Kilburn where they built the world's first electronic stored-program digital computer based on Turing's ideas.

Refound by J. J. Thomson and then more decisively by Frederic Palmer, Jr., it was studied and showed very different characteristics than those at first attributed to it by Lenard.

Leopold I ( Leopold Georges Chrétien Frederic ; ; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony ; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865 ) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.

The first truly successful commercial method was patented by Frederic Ives of Philadelphia in 1881.

* Frederic Dan Huntington, first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Central New York

The team's first owner was coffee tycoon Frederic McLaughlin, who outbid grain magnate James E. Norris for the franchise.

In 1967, the last season of the six-team NHL, the Black Hawks finished first, breaking the supposed Curse of Muldoon, 23 years after the death of Frederic McLaughlin.

1906: An Italian operatic version written by Frederic d ' Erlanger was first performed in Naples, but the run was cut short by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

It was here that the first white child, Frederic, was born in 1882.

* Dom Frederic Dunne, the Trappist Abbot of Gethsemani in Kentucky that first recognized Thomas Merton's gifted intellect and talent for writing and encouraged it.

According to the village's website, the first store was opened in the fall of 1853 by French immigrant Frederick ( Frederic ) Louys, followed quickly by a hotel and then a sawmill.

Defibrillators were first demonstrated in 1899 by Jean-Louis Prévost and Frederic Batelli, two physiologists from University of Geneva, Switzerland.

The orchestra was founded by the Pittsburgh Arts Society with conductor Frederic Archer in 1895, who brought with him a number of musicians from the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and led the PSO in its first concert the following year.

The Common House Martin was first described by Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758 as Hirundo urbica, but was placed in its current genus Delichon by Thomas Horsfield and Frederic Moore in 1854.

Named for John Newbery, an 18th century English publisher of juvenile books, the Newbery Medal was proposed by Frederic G. Melcher in 1921, making it the first children's book award in the world.

* William Frederic Pendleton ( 1845-1927 ), first Executive Bishop of General Church of the New Jerusalem

In a book with the same name, Comte's disciple Frederic Harrison wrote about Stael and her works: " In Delphine a woman, for the first time since the Revolution, reopened the romance of the heart which was in vogue in the century preceding.