Born in Munich, the son of Friedrich Richard Hartmann, well known there for his flower paintings, and the youngest of four brothers of whom the elder three also became painters, Hartmann was himself torn, early in his career, between music and the visual arts.

If this is so, then the claim of the Dukedom of Albany passed upon Johann Leopold's death in 1972 to his youngest brother Friedrich Josias, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and became extinct upon the latter's death in 1998.

The eldest son, Johann Friedrich, assumed barony over the Duchy of Württemberg while the second youngest son, Frederick Achilles, was bequethed Neuenstadt Castle and an annual endowment of 10, 000 guilder.

Johanna Clara Louise Lehzen was born in Hanover on 3 October 1784, the youngest of seven daughters and two sons of Lutheran pastor Joachim Friedrich Lehzen and his wife Melusine Palm.

The four children who went on this voyage were Friedrich, from Hans Michel ’ s first marriage, Hans Philipp, one of the illegitimate children, and John Adam and Jonathan, the two youngest children.

Friedrich Karl's older brother Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn was one of his predecessors as Prince-Bishop of Würzburg ; his younger brother Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim became Prince-Bishop of Speyer and his youngest brother Franz Georg von Schönborn became Archbishop-Elector of Trier.

* August Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia ( 1730-1813 )-fourth and youngest son of Friedrich Wilhelm I, and youngest brother of Friedrich the Great

* Friedrich Leopold, Prince of Prussia ( 1895-1959 )-third and youngest son of Friedrich Leopold

The publication was edited by Enver Mamedov ( born 1923 ), a polyglot native of Baku, who had the distinction of being one of the youngest Soviet diplomats when he was appointed the press secretary of the Soviet Embassy in Italy in 1943, and who had been the handler of the Soviet prosecutors ' star witness, Friedrich Paulus, at the Nuremberg Trials.

Prince William was the fourth and youngest son of King Friedrich Wilhelm II and Princess Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.

He was born the youngest of the sons of Friedrich Flick and Marie Schuss.

to the youngest son of Christoph Friedrich, Johann Friedrich,

* 1721 – Christian Friedrich Heinecken, German child prodigy ( d. 1725 )

Portrait by Friedrich Engels. Johann Kaspar Schmidt ( October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856 ), better known as Max Stirner ( the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, in German ' Stirn '), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary fathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism.

* Prince Sigismund of Prussia ( 1864-1866 ), the fourth child of Friedrich III, German Emperor and Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom

Friedrich was the second child of Gottlieb Pabst, a local farmer, and his wife, Johanna Friederike.

When she broke protocol and stooped to pick up and kiss a child, Prussian writer Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué remarked that " The arrival of the angelic Princess spreads over these days a noble splendor.

In the 19th century, the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi ; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau ; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker ; and educational pioneers, such as Friedrich Fröbel, Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner ( founder of the Waldorf schools ); among others, all insisted that education should be understood as the art of cultivating the moral, emotional, physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects of the developing child.

* Froebel College – Founded in 1892, the college was established to further the values of Friedrich Froebel, the German educationalist who pioneered a holistic view of child development.

When he died in 1718 and left no male heirs to the throne, the late Hedvig Sophia's only child, Duke Karl Friedrich was in line to succeed him, but the late king's younger sister Ulrica Eleanor quickly moved herself onto the throne instead.

On 17 August ( 29 August new-style ) 1883, Bücher's only son and child Friedrich, later a judge in Leipzig, was born.

Friedrich Fröbel's great insight was to recognise the importance of the activity of the child in learning.

The novel resonates with the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche and the work of English writer J. D. Beresford, with an allusion to Beresford's superhuman child character of Victor Stott in The Hampdenshire Wonder ( 1911 ).

He was a natural child of Friedrich Wilhelm von Stenger ( 1770 – 1832 ) and was registred to russian nobility 4 May 1837 ( Military )

He was born in Sachsenberg ( now part of Schwerin ) as the fifth child and only son of the psychiatrist Carl Friedrich Flemming ( 1799 – 1880 ) and his second wife, Auguste Winter.

He was a child prodigy who obtained the patronage of the duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who sent him to study with Jakob Friedrich Kleinknecht at the court of Bayreuth in 1758, and then sent him to Italy ( 1764-66 ), and made him Kapellmeister.

His father Friedrich Carl Eduard Plüschow was an illegitimate child of Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the family home was Schloss Plüschow.

He is the only child and son of Manuel José Maria de Sá Pais do Amaral, 7th Count of Anadia ( born in Lisbon on 15 January 1925 a descendent of Pedro IV of Portugal, Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Isabella Margherita Farnese and Aurora Stjernvall's sister ), and his wife ( married in Carcavelos in September 1953 ) Dona Maria Mafalda de Figueiredo Cabral da Câmara, of the Counts of Belmonte ( born in Lisbon on 7 February 1931 a descendant of Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara and twice of the Duke of Loulé and Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria of Portugal ).

Christian Cannabich was the third child of Martin Friedrich Cannabich ( 1690 – 1773 ), a flautist, oboist and music teacher at the Mannheim court.

This marriage in turn led to a union with Germany's ruling dynasty, the Hohenzollerns, when the couple's eldest child, Victoria, married the future Kaiser Friedrich III.

That aside, their first child, Prince Friedrich ( later Friedrich III of Germany ), was born later that year on 18 October 1831, three years after their marriage and their second child, Louise, was born on 3 December 1838, seven years later.

In 1856, Augusta and Wilhelm's only daughter, Princess Louise ( then 17 ), married Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden and in 1858, their son Friedrich married Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria's eldest child.

Prince Sigismund of Prussia ( Franz Friedrich Sigismund ) ( 15 September 1864 – 18 June 1866 ) was the fourth child of Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia ( later King of Prussia and German Emperor as Frederick III ), and Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of the British Queen Victoria.

The internationally known sportsman and traveler Friedrich Gerstacker was typical of its detractors in the mid-thirties.

Friedrich Nietzsche argued that a fusion of the two was most desirable.

The name was later popularized by Friedrich Müller in his Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft ( Wien 1876-88 ).

His cataloguing of 3222 stars was refined in 1807 by Friedrich Bessel, the father of modern astrometry.

Benzene, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.

As late as the 1840s, and despite Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea in 1828, some chemists still believed in the doctrine of vitalism, according to which a special life-force was necessary to create organic compounds.

Armida was translated into German and widely performed, especially in the northern German states, where it helped to establish Salieri's reputation as an important and innovative modern composer It would also be the first opera to receive a serious preparation in a piano and vocal reduction by Carl Friedrich Cramer in 1783.

His last opera was a German language singspiel Die Neger, ( The Negroes ), a melodrama set in colonial Virginia with a text by Georg Friedrich Treitschke ( the author of the libretto for Beethoven's Fidelio ) performed in 1804 and was a complete failure.

While Italian by birth, Salieri had lived in imperial Vienna for almost 60 years and was regarded by such people as the music critic Friedrich Rochlitz as a German composer.

In 1872, the firm was taken over by Friedrich Schreiber, and in 1876 it merged with the firm of August Cranz, who bought the company in 1879 and ran it under his name.

An orchestration was therefore commissioned in secret from Friedrich Cerha and premièred in Paris ( under Pierre Boulez ) only in 1979, soon after Helene Berg's own death.

" They approached a notable Lutheran pastor, Friedrich Rittelmeyer, who was already working with Steiner's ideas, to join their efforts.

The Arrhenius definition of acid – base reactions is a development of the hydrogen theory of acids, devised by Svante Arrhenius, which was used to provide a modern definition of acids and bases that followed from his work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution in 1884, and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for " recognition of the extraordinary services ... rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation ".

* In the late 16th century, the physician to margrave Georg Friedrich was the famous botanist, Leonhart Fuchs.

Itten was heavily influenced in his teaching by the ideas of Franz Cižek and Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel.

It was based on an earlier code developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834.

Cadmium ( Latin cadmia, Greek καδμεία meaning " calamine ", a cadmium-bearing mixture of minerals, which was named after the Greek mythological character, Κάδμος Cadmus, the founder of Thebes ) was discovered simultaneously in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer and Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate.

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (;, ) ( 30 April 177723 February 1855 ) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.

Carl Friedrich Gauss was born on 30 April 1777 in Braunschweig ( Brunswick ), in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, now part of Lower Saxony, Germany, as the son of poor working-class parents.

Lobegott Friedrich Constantin ( von ) Tischendorf ( January 18, 1815 – December 7, 1874 ) was a noted German Biblical scholar.

This separation was ended however by the synthesis of urea from inorganic precursors by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.

Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof ( July 23, 1857 – February 11, 1944 ) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.

There was a revival of interest in classical liberalism in the 20th century led by Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman.