* 1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher ( d. 1831 )

For Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, the philosophy of art is the " organon " of philosophy concerning the relation between man and nature.

Friedrich von Schlegel, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Friedrich Schleiermacher and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel have also given lectures on aesthetics as philosophy of art after 1800.

* Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ( 1975 ), Aesthetics.

The Arrhenius definition of acid – base reactions is a development of the hydrogen theory of acids, devised by Svante Arrhenius, which was used to provide a modern definition of acids and bases that followed from his work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution in 1884, and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for " recognition of the extraordinary services ... rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation ".

Itten was heavily influenced in his teaching by the ideas of Franz Cižek and Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel.

It was based on an earlier code developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834.

61 Cygni is significant because Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel determined its parallax in 1838, the first star to have a known parallax.

* von Bismark, Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf, Beamish, North Ludlow, ( translator ), On the Uses and Application of Cavalry in War from the Text of Bismark: With Practical Examples Selected from Antient and Modern History, T. & W. Boone, London, 1855

The Ph. D. entered widespread use in the 19th century at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin as a degree to be granted to someone who had undertaken original research in the sciences or humanities.

One is his transformation of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's idealistic understanding of dialectics into a materialist one, an act commonly said to have " put Hegel's dialectics back on its feet ".

Euripides's reputation was to take a beating early in the nineteenth century when Friedrich Schlegel and his brother August Wilhelm Schlegel championed Aristotle's ' biological ' model of theatre history, identifying Euripides with the moral, political and artistic degeneration of Athens.

His inventions were based on the printing mechanism from Hughes ' instrument, a distributor invented by Bernard Meyer during 1871, and the five-unit code devised by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber.

In 1876, Anna visited the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia and saw an exhibit of educational blocks created by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel.

Wilhelm II initially supported the Nazi Party, and his four sons of the exiled German royal family, including Prince Eitel Friedrich and Prince Oskar, became members of the Nazi Party, in hopes that in exchange for their support, the Nazis would permit the restoration of the monarchy.

* 1849 – Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt German impostor who became famous as The Captain of Köpenick ( Der Hauptmann von Köpenick ) ( d. 1922 )

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel ( 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846 ) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and systematizer of the Bessel functions ( which were discovered by Daniel Bernoulli ).

He narrowly beat Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve and Thomas Henderson, who measured the parallaxes of Vega and Alpha Centauri in the same year.

* John Frederick William Herschel, A brief notice of the life, researches, and discoveries of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, London: Barclay, 1847 ( on-line )

an: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel

* 1863 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( b. 1813 )

* 1721 – Christian Friedrich Heinecken, German child prodigy ( d. 1725 )

Friedrich Christian Anton " Fritz " Lang ( December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976 ) was an Austrian-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor.

The principle of the fuel cell was discovered by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838 and published in one of the scientific magazines of the time.

Contemporaneously to English Gothic, parallel Romantic literary movements developed in continental Europe: the roman noir (" black novel ") in France, by such writers as François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil, Gaston Leroux, Baculard d ' Arnaud, and Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, Madame de Genlis and the Schauerroman (" shudder novel ") in Germany by such writers as Friedrich Schiller, author of The Ghost-Seer ( 1789 ) and Christian Heinrich Spiess, author of Das Petermännchen ( 1791 / 92 ).

Handel and his father travelled to Weissenfels to visit either Handel's half-brother, Carl, or nephew, Georg Christian, who was serving as valet to Duke Johann Adolf I. Handel and the duke convinced his father to allow him to take lessons in musical composition and keyboard technique from Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, the organist of Halle's Marienkirche.

While Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann is often cited as the inventor of the harmonica in 1821, other inventors developed similar instruments at the same time.

The correspondence of single consonants had been more or less clearly recognized by several of his predecessors including Friedrich von Schlegel, Rasmus Christian Rask and Johan Ihre, the last having established a considerable number of literarum permutationes, such as b for f, with the examples bœra = ferre, befwer = fiber.

* Christian Friedrich Hebbel

* 1813 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( d. 1864 )

* 1736 – Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, German composer and harpsichordist ( d. 1800 )

The German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause ( 1781 – 1832 ) seeking to reconcile monotheism and pantheism, coined the term panentheism (" all in God ") in 1828.

Wine merchant Friedrich Karl Christian Huth, whose great-grandfather had been kellermeister ( cellar-master ) to King Friedrich II back in 1769, had founded the firm in 1871 and taken over the former building in Potsdamer Straße on 23 March 1877.

Friedrich Heiler is often cited in Christian circles for his systematic Typology of Prayer which lists six types of prayer: primitive, ritual, Greek cultural, philosophical, mystical, and prophetic.

* December 13 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer ( b. 1813 )

* March 18 – Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright ( d. 1863 )

* May 6 – Thirty Years ' War: While waiting for the Protestant forces of Christian of Brunswick to join them, Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach split up their forces as a diversion for the Imperial army of Tilly.

These include the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung ( Social Democratic Party-aligned ), the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung ( Christian Democratic Union-aligned ), the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung ( Christian Social Union-aligned ), the Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung ( aligned with the Greens ), Friedrich Naumann Foundation ( Free Democratic Party-aligned ) and the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation ( aligned with Die Linke ).

The term geochemistry was first used by the Swiss-German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838.

Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony ( Friedrich Christian Leopold Johann Georg Franz Xaver ; 5 September 1722 – 17 December 1763 ) was the Prince-Elector of Saxony for less than three months in 1763.

Most members of his government, such as Thomas von Fritsch of Leipzig, Friedrich Ludwig Wurmb, and Christian Gotthelf Gutschmied had middle-class origins.