From an early age, Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961 and then Co-Emperor in 967 alongside his father Otto I in order to secure Otto II's succession to the throne.

From 961 on, this office was held by the Kings who had annexed the lands of the Kingdom of Italy and ( in 1032 ) the Kingdom of Arles.

From 961 onwards, Bruno was also appointed as Otto's regent in Germany while Otto was absent in Italy.

From the 17th century onward, the island of Abadan was part of the lands of the Arab Ka ' ab ( Bani Kaab ) tribe.

From the 12th century, major advances in the chemical arts shifted from Arab lands to western Europe.

From the 11th to 15th centuries, the sugar trade into Europe was an Arab monopoly, and its value was often compared with gold.

From January onwards, operations became increasingly militarized, with the intervention of a number of Arab Liberation Army regiments inside Palestine, each active in a variety of distinct sectors around the different coastal towns.

From the total foreign investments in Morocco, the European Union invests approximately 73. 5 %, whereas, the Arab world invests only 19. 3 %.

From the Arab conquest 637 CE until modern time the city of Mosul on the opposite bank of the river Tigris became the successor of ancient Nineveh.

From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates ( originally called the " Trucial Coast States ") and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the British Residency of the Persian Gulf.

From there he and his companions united the tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam and created a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian peninsula.

From 827 to 1071 it was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when it first became a capital.

From 1948 until the early 1970s between 800, 000 to 1, 000, 000 Mizrachi and Sephardic Jews either fled from their homes or were expelled from Arab and Islamic countries ; 260, 000 reached Israel between 1948 – 1951, and 600, 000 by 1972.

From this point the Bactrians tend to disappear from the historical record, a disappearance made final by the Arab invasion of the 8th century AD.

From the Arabic Conquest to the Crusades there seems to have been good relations between the Arab rulers and the Jewish minority.

From the first negotiations at the 1949 Armistice Agreements to the most recent at the Madrid Conference of 1991, there were many failed attempts for a settlement to bring about a lasting end to the Arab – Israeli and Israeli – Palestinian conflicts.

From its first encounters with Jolo, Spain was met with stiff resistance from a highly organized people under the Sultanate of Sulu, which had been established in 1457 by an Arab born in Johore, Shari ’ ful Hashem Syed Abu Bak ’ r.

From the Census Ancestry Question, Sharon has the following ethnic make-up: German 21 %, Irish 14 %, Italian 11 %, Black or African American 11 %, English 8 %, Polish 5 %, Slovak 5 %, Welsh-3 %, Scots-Irish 2 %, Hungarian 2 %, Dutch 2 %, French ( except Basque ) 2 %, Croatian 1 %, Scottish 1 %, Russian 1 %, Swedish 1 %, Arab 1 %, Slavic 1 %, American Indian tribes, specified 1 %.

From the 10th century onwards, Arab maritime trade in the region brought increasing Islamic cultural and religious influences.

From the Axumite Kingdom in modern-day Ethiopia, the Arab traveller Sa'd ibn Abi-Waqqas sailed from there to Tang China during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

From as early as 1920, in order to secure the independence of Palestine as an Arab state he actively opposed Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of a violent riot that broke out over the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

From 1921 to 1937 al-Husseini was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, using the position to promote Islam and rally a non-confessional Arab nationalism against Zionism.

From there he went to Lake Nyasa to resolve the war between Arab slave-traders and the African Lakes Trading Company.

* Sicker, Martin ( 2000 ) The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna, Praeger Publishers.

From an Arab convoy captured at the end of the month he learnt of a British ship at Muscat.

From 1973 to 1983 he was a writer with The Village Voice, originating its longstanding " Press Clips " column, but he was suspended, the Voice stated, " for accepting a $ 10, 000 grant from an Arab studies organization in 1982 ".

From the beginning of the 1930s new political parties began to appear, including the Independence Party, which called for an Indian Congress Party-style boycott of the British, the pro-Nashashibi National Defence Party, the pro-Husayni Palestinian Arab Party the pro-Khalidi Arab-Palestinian Reform Party, and the National Bloc, based mainly around Nablus.

From the luggage, they learned that the two air pirates, far from being Cubans, were native Americans, subsequently identified as Leon Bearden, 50-year-old ex-convict from Coolidge, Ariz., and his son, Cody, 16, a high-school junior.

From about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar gained prominence among pirates and European traders, particularly those involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

From the naval point of view, since the 9th century the emergence of the Saracen pirates urged the city to expand its fleet: in the following years this fleet gave the town an opportunity for more expansion.

From this time the pirates increasingly made the Bahamian capitol of Nassau, founded in 1694, their base.

From about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar was a favorite haunt for pirates.

From the middle of the 17th century to 1895, Taiwan and the archipelago were ruled by pirates, the colonial Dutch Empire ( attempts at conquest from 1622 onward ), the Koxinga kingdom ( Tungning ), and the Qing Dynasty, successively.

From the red flag it seems that individual pirates began to develop their own personal flags in order to terrify their foes into a quick surrender.

From time to time, he still asks "( and ) what pirates?

From left to right: Flag of Algerian pirates ; Flag given to Osman I by the Seljuk sultan Mesud II ( 1289 ); Ottoman naval flag ( 16th c .); Ottoman army flag ( 16th c .); Ottoman army flag ( 17th c .)

From about 1690 to 1720, pirates hid in the cays of the Turks and Caicos Islands, attacking Spanish treasure galleons en route to Spain from Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Spanish possessions in Central America and Peru.

From then until 1816 many pirates came to the archipelago.

From the 3rd century on, the Salian Franks appear in the historical records as warlike Germanic people and pirates, and as Laeti ( allies of the Romans ).

From the 13th to the 16th century, Japanese ships were quite active in Asian waters, often in the role of " wakō " pirates who plundered the coast of the Chinese Empire.

From there, he accompanied John de Vaga ’ s fleet on a successful raid of Tripoli, which had been a base for Muslim pirates and was still in Africa on October 5, 1550 when he was called to Rome.

From time to time the spaceship is attacked by pirates who try to steal cargo or girls.

From 1578 to 1588, Paita was the Spanish capital of the northwestern Peruvian coast, before the permanent attacks of English pirates and corsairs made it necessary to relocate the capital at Piura.

From the testimony of the witness Elias ben Nehemiah, given before the board of rabbis in Safed in the case of the widow and heirs of the slain Meïr Ashkenazi, it was made evident that he was an inhabitant of Kefe ; that his parents were still living there ; that he had a brother who was a student in the yeshiva of Brest-Litovsk ; that he had brought to Gava prisoners of war from Egypt ; that he was appointed envoy of the khan of the Tatars to the king of Poland ; and that on the way from Gava to Dakhel he was slain by pirates with all the passengers on the ship.

From 1577 onwards, Venice endeavored to crush the pirates without offending Austria, enlisting Albanians in place of their Dalmatian crews, who feared reprisals at home.

From this point on, historical works about pirates routinely included Gasparilla.