Example of ELIZA in GNU Emacs | Emacs.

Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors ( which this article will refer to collectively as " Emacs ").

Emacs Lisp can also function as a scripting language, much like the Unix Bourne shell, Perl, Python, scsh, or GNU Guile.

Unlike Common Lisp, Scheme existed at the time Stallman was rewriting Gosling Emacs into GNU Emacs, but he chose not to use it because of its comparatively poor performance on workstations, and he wanted to develop a dialect which he thought would be more easily optimized.

Other methods exist for customizing GNU Emacs apart from writing Emacs Lisp.

Since version 20, GNU Emacs has included a " Customize " facility which allows users to set common customization variables through a graphical interface.

The full text is included with GNU software such as Emacs, and is available on the web.

GDB was first written by Richard Stallman in 1986 as part of his GNU system, after his GNU Emacs was " reasonably stable ".

People primarily known for their contributions to the consciousness of the programmer subculture of hackers include Richard Stallman, the founder of the free software movement and the GNU project, president of the Free Software Foundation and author of the famous Emacs text editor as well as the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ), and Eric S. Raymond, one of the founders of the Open Source Initiative and writer of the famous text The Cathedral and the Bazaar and many other essays, maintainer of the Jargon File ( which was previously maintained by Guy L. Steele, Jr .).

* Richard Stallman: Programmer and political activist who is well known for GNU, Emacs and the Free Software Movement

GNU Emacs, an extensible editor that is commonly used as an IDE on Unix-like systems

** " My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs " – ( a transcript of a speech Richard Stallman gave about Emacs, Lisp, and Lisp machines )

Yet another method is to make the main program an interpreter for a programming language, either designed specifically for the application in question or general-purpose, and then write the bulk of the actual user functionality as macros or other forms of add-ins in this language, an approach taken for example by the GNU Emacs text editor.

XEmacs is a fork, based on a version of GNU Emacs from the late 1980s.

Between 1987 and 1993 significant delays occurred in bringing out a new version of GNU Emacs.

Whether a piece of new XEmacs code enters GNU Emacs often depends on the willingness of that individual contributor to assign the code to the FSF.

Released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as the shell for the GNU operating system and as the default shell on Linux and.

Debian GNU / Hurd has been in development since 1998, but still has not been officially released.

Over 70 % of the software packaged for Debian GNU / Linux has been ported to the GNU Hurd.

Due to its availability under the GNU Free Documentation License, a copyleft license, it has in turn been incorporated in whole or part into other free content projects, such as Wikipedia.

It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation.

The GNU General Public License has been described as a copyright hack because it cleverly uses the copyright laws for a purpose the lawmakers did not foresee.

On joining Sun, he led Project Indiana, which he described as " taking the lesson that Linux has brought to the operating system and providing that for Solaris ", making a full OpenSolaris distribution with GNOME and userland tools from GNU plus a network-based package management system.

As of June 2012, EditShare has not released an open source version and the GNU / Linux and Mac OS platform releases have been delayed.

Several major computer-related organizations have originated at MIT since the 1980s: Richard Stallman's GNU Project and the subsequent Free Software Foundation were founded in the mid-1980s at the AI Lab ; the MIT Media Lab was founded in 1985 by Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner to promote research into novel uses of computer technology ; the World Wide Web Consortium standards organization was founded at the Laboratory for Computer Science in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee ; the OpenCourseWare project has made course materials for over 2, 000 MIT classes available online free of charge since 2002 ; and the One Laptop per Child initiative to expand computer education and connectivity to children worldwide was launched in 2005.

The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements.

The Free Software Foundation has developed its own OpenPGP-compliant program called GNU Privacy Guard ( abbreviated GnuPG or GPG ).

The GNU project has a clone of Pico called nano which has been developed because Pico's license was not a free software license, since distribution of a modified version of the code was expressly forbidden.

Red Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects and has also acquired several proprietary software packages and released their source code under mostly GNU GPL while holding copyright under single commercial entity and selling user subscriptions.

However, from around 2002 and forward current versions of Sorcerer release some key components under the Sorcerer Public License and not the GPL, and the distribution has dropped the term GNU / Linux.

The original Berkeley implementation ( last stable version 1. 1 was released in 1995, no longer maintained ) has been adopted by the Free Software Foundation therefore becoming GNU Sather.

It has since been supplanted as the default by more recent, largely compatible, programs such as Berkeley Yacc, GNU bison, MKS Yacc and Abraxas PCYACC.

In addition to commercial software developers, CVS has become popular with the open source software world and is released under the GNU General Public License.

GnuPG is a part of the Free Software Foundation's GNU software project, and has received major funding from the German government.

The term ' General Public Virus ', or ' GNU Public Virus ' ( GPV ), has a long history on the Internet, dating back to shortly after the GPL was first conceived.

KStars has been packaged by many Linux / BSD distributions, including Red Hat Linux, openSUSE, Mandriva Linux, and Debian GNU / Linux.

or the multi-display mode (- x ) of the text-based GNU screen )

For the GNU project, he wrote groff and an XML editing mode for GNU Emacs.

* GNU Pascal ( A separately-distributed part of the GNU Compiler Collection ) While not formally aimed at the Delphi dialect of Pascal, it does contain a Borland Pascal compatibility mode, and is very slowly incorporating a few Delphi language features.

However, a special exemption has been granted so that OCB mode can be used in software licensed under the GNU General Public License without cost, as well as for any non-commercial, non-governmental application.

Maatkit is included with several GNU / Linux distributions such as CentOS and Debian and packages are available for Fedora and Ubuntu as well.

GnuPG is freely available together with all source code under the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and is maintained separately from several Graphical User Interfaces ( GUIs ) that interact with the GnuPG library for encryption, decryption and signing functions ( see KGPG, Seahorse, MacGPG ).

RTL is also the name of a specific IR used in the GNU Compiler Collection, and several other compilers, such as Zephyr.

He is a frequent contributor to free software, and worked on several GNU projects, including maintaining the GNU Debugger in the early 90s, initiating GNU Radio in 1998, starting Gnash in December 2005 to create a free software player for Flash movies, and writing the pdtar program which became GNU tar.

For years, employees of Cygnus Solutions were the maintainers of several key GNU software products, including the GNU Debugger and GNU Binutils ( which included the GNU Assembler and Linker ).

In the 2001 documentary film Revolution OS, Tiemann indicates that the name " Cygnus " was chosen from among several names that incorporated the acronym " GNU ".

Licenses that require derivative works to be licensed only under compatible licenses include copyleft licenses which include several common open source and free content licenses, such as the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

It fails the Debian Free Software Guidelines, used by several Linux distributions, though it qualifies for the Free Software Foundation's Free Software Definition ; however, it is not compatible with the FSF's GNU General Public License, meaning that products derived from code under both the GPL and the QPL cannot be redistributed.

* SourceForge UnxUtils – Port of several GNU utilities to Windows

LilyPond is cross-platform, and is available for several common operating systems ; released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, LilyPond is free software.

There are several distributions, most notably the RPM-based SpareMiNT as well as the Debian GNU / MiNT porting effort.

CodeWeavers employs several Wine developers and contributes code back to the free software / open-source software Wine project as per the GNU LGPL, although CrossOver is proprietary software.

Versions of GHC are available for several platforms, including Windows and most varieties of Unix ( such as the numerous GNU / Linux flavors, FreeBSD, and Mac OS X ).

* GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ): Suite of compilers for several programming languages ;

Loïc Dachary ( who also started GNU Savannah ) and several former GNU Savannah maintainers set up " Gna!

Encoders and decoders are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, and plugins for several third-party media players available from the Musepack website, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License ( LGPL ) or BSD licenses, and an extensive list of programs supporting the format.