There are some mystical, scientific and religious predecessors to the Gaia philosophy, which had a Gaia-like conceptual basis.

Whilst a few social scientists who draw inspiration from ' organic ' views of society have embraced Gaia philosophy as a way to explain the human-nature interconnections, most professional social scientists are more involved in reflecting upon the way Gaia philosophy is used and engaged with within sub-sections of society.

Alan Marshall, in the Department of Social Sciences at Mahidol University, for example, reflects upon the way Gaia philosophy has been used and advocated by environmentalists, spiritualists, managers, economists, and scientists and engineers ( see The Unity of Nature, 2002, Imperial College Press: London and Singapore ).

Many new age authors have written books which mix New Age teachings with Gaia philosophy this is known as New Age Gaian.

At least one work of fiction, the film Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within, uses Gaia philosophy as a central point to the plot, and may arguably represent a fictional parallel to Sir James Lovelock in the character of Dr. Cid, who is met with skepticism from the scientific and social community when he promotes the idea of a " living Earth ".

Computer game Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri and its expansion Sid Meier's Alien Crossfire are set on the planet Chiron in the Alpha Centauri system where all indigenous life appears to behave in accordance with the Gaia philosophy.

The Gaia philosophy is a guiding principle for terrorists in the Tom Clancy novel Rainbow Six.

The New Age movement includes elements of older spiritual and religious traditions ranging from atheism and monotheism through classical pantheism, naturalistic pantheism, pandeism, panentheism, and polytheism combined with science and Gaia philosophy ; particularly archaeoastronomy, astronomy, ecology, environmentalism, the Gaia hypothesis, psychology and physics.

Gaia is the planet with collective intelligence in the Foundation novels which adopts a law similar to the First Law, and the Zeroth Law, as its philosophy:

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The Gaia hypothesis has also inspired analogies and various interpretations in social sciences, politics, and religion under a vague philosophy and movement.

In Gaia philosophy, all lifeforms are considered part of one single living planetary being called Gaia.

Gaia philosophy has promoted the idea that the Earth is alive.

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Pelorat slowly falls in love with a Gaian woman named Blissenobiarella ( commonly called Bliss ), who explains that Trevize will be forced to decide the future of the galaxy — whether it will be ruled by the First Foundation, the Second Foundation, or by Gaia ( who envisions an eventual extension of its group consciousness to the entire galaxy, thus forming the new entity Galaxia ).

In Greek mythology, Iapetus (), also Iapetos or Japetus (), was a Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father ( by an Oceanid named Clymene or Asia ) of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius and through Prometheus, Epimetheus and Atlas an ancestor of the human race.

It is named after Mimas, a son of Gaia in Greek mythology, and is also designated Saturn I.

* A PC adventure game named Werewolf: the Apocalypse-Heart of Gaia was produced but never published.

A dog named Turbo also appears in the Enix games The Illusion of Gaia, Terranigma, and Robotrek.

In 2003, Mägo de Oz released an album named Gaia, the first in what would become a trilogy completed in 2010.

The name of the double city of Porto and Gaia was frequently referred to in contemporary documents as " villa de Portucale ", and the county of the Kingdom of León which was centered around it was named Condado Portucalense.

Referred to as " The Planet " in the original game, the location was retroactively named " Gaia ".

* In Gaia Online, there is a character named Brennivin who owns one of the shops and is apparently Icelandic.

They have a daughter, Gaia Romilly ( born 1999 ) and a Rwandan son named Tindyebwa Agaba ( informally adopted in 2003 at the age of 16 ).

The characters and the world they inhabit ( referred to as " The Planet " in Final Fantasy VII, but retroactively named " Gaia ") have been expanded on and added to in a series of spin-off games, films and stories collectively known as the Compilation of Final Fantasy VII.

The Z Organization dispatches the Gaia Gear, operated by a pilot named Keran Mead, to engage the Minox.

Lovelock could not afford to go to university after school, something which he believes helped prevent him becoming over-specialized and aided the development of Gaia theory.

Named after the Greek goddess Gaia at the suggestion of novelist William Golding, the hypothesis postulates that the biosphere has a regulatory effect on the Earth's environment that acts to sustain life.

The game concept relies on there being several realities that may appear when the Illusion shatters: Metropolis is the original city which interconnects with all great cities, Inferno and its purgatories where humans are held captive and tortured after death, and Gaia which connects to nature and nature's destructive forces.

Such views have also led many pagans to revere the planet Earth as Mother Earth, who is often referred to as Gaia after the ancient Greek goddess of the Earth.

Cronus, another son of Uranus and Gaia, later freed the Cyclopes, along with the Hecatonchires, after he had overthrown Uranus.

According to later traditions, Acheron had been a son of Helios and either Gaia or Demeter, who had been turned into the Underworld river bearing his name after he refreshed the Titans with drink during their contest with Zeus.

Reacting to a prophecy from his mother Gaia that his own offspring would overthrow his supreme position in the pantheon, Cronus swallowed all of his children immediately after birth.

In Greek mythology, the Giants were the children of Gaia, who was fertilized by the blood of Uranus, after Uranus was castrated by his son Cronus.

The stage for this important battle was set after the youngest Titan, Cronus, overthrew his own father, Uranus ( Ουρανός, the Heaven itself and ruler of the cosmos ), with the help of his mother, Gaia ( Γαία, the earth ).

Before immortality when she was a demigod, her name was Alethia ( truth ) and after she helped saving Olympus from the evil schemes of Gaia and Nemesis she was offered immortality through Zeus and the spirit of fortune through Nyx.

It had a chapel containing relics of the regal period: a bronze statue of Tanaquil or Gaia Caecilia, her belt containing remedies that people came to collect, her distaff, spindle and slippers, and after the capture of Privernum in 329 BC, brass medallions or bronze wheels ( discs ) made of the money confiscated from Vitruvius Vaccus.

Since Inachus was dated 400 years after the flood of Ogyges and that Ogyges himself was considered a Titan or a primordial Autochthon " from earliest ages ", some ancient Greek or Romans dated the creation ( beginning with Chaos or Gaia ) only a few hundred years before Ogyges ( 2376 – 2050 BC ).

James Lovelock's book " Gaia's Revenge " suggests that Gaia has many mechanisms for eliminating civilisations that do harm through greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, but suggests that with increasing heat being received from the sun, Gaia's ability to " bounce back " as it did after the Permian and Cretaceous extinction events, may be increasingly compromised.

Lovelock has said that by naming his theory after a Greek goddess, championed by many non scientists, the Gaia hypothesis was interpreted as a neo-Pagan New Age religion.

His visionary pronouncements were not widely accepted in the West, and some decades after the Gaia hypothesis received the same type of initial resistance from the scientific community.

Realizing that the damage is extensive, Gaia sends five magic rings, four with the power to control an element of nature and one controlling the element of Heart, to five chosen youths across the globe: Kwame from Africa, Wheeler from North America, Linka from the Soviet Union ( changed to Eastern Europe after the Soviet Union's collapse ), Gi from Asia, and Ma-Ti from South America.

Established in June 2003 after users of Gaia Online petitioned for a " donation system " in an attempt to increase site revenue, for every US $ 2. 50 a user gives to the site, he or she receives an item known as a " Sealed Envelope " in his or her inventory.

Two years after the events of Final Fantasy VII, Reeve Tuesti founded the World Regenesis Organization with the primary objective of helping to heal Gaia from the Meteor Crisis and to protect it against those who would wish to do it more harm.

The overarching plot of the show and various individual elements helped explore the Gaia hypothesis, mainly through the Syndrome, its effects on many children, and the subsequent healing of the illness after the Eden Project arrives on G889.

The series ends after Gaia graduates high school.

However, Gaia falls in love with Sam, a college student at New York University, while competing in a chess match with him after school.

Heather befriends Gaia after Gaia saves her from murder, and the two become strong friends.