Genetic engineering, using recombinant DNA, alters the genetic makeup of the animal for selected purposes, including producing therapeutic proteins in cows and goats.

The FAO hosts DAD-IS, the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System, a communication and information tool for the management of animal genetic resources which provides the user with searchable databases of breed-related information, management tools, and contacts for the Regional and National Coordinators for the Management of Animal Genetic Resources programme.

RFLP analysis was also the basis for early methods of Genetic fingerprinting, useful in the identification of samples retrieved from crime scenes, in the determination of paternity, and in the characterization of genetic diversity or breeding patterns in animal populations.

Genetic research has shown that Black wolf ( animal ) | melanistic wolves owe their coloration to a mutation that first arose in domestic dogs

* Schmitt, Lothar M ( 2004 ), Theory of Genetic Algorithms II: models for genetic operators over the string-tensor representation of populations and convergence to global optima for arbitrary fitness function under scaling, Theoretical Computer Science 310: 181 – 231

* Genetic models

Genetic mouse models of FXS have also been shown to have autistic-like behaviors.

Genetic variability is essential for progress in breeding.

The church also has published a 10-point " Vineyard Genetic Code ," taught to a session of senior leadership by John Wimber in 1992, that outlines the 10 areas of ministry considered essential to any Vineyard church.

Genetic Engineering is an essential theme of this illustrated book by Dougal Dixon, where it is used to colonize other star systems and save the humans of earth from extinction.

Genetic and biochemical studies in yeast and in egg's extracts in Xenopus laevis identified a polyprotein complex as an essential player in sister chromatids cohesion ( see the review from Hirano in 2000 ).

* < cite id = Rogers2004 > Rogers, Alan R .; Iltis, David & Wooding, Stephen ( 2004 ), “ Genetic variation at the MC1R locus and the time since loss of human body hair ”, Current Anthropology 45 ( 1 ): 105 – 108 .</ cite >

Genetic distinctedness of isolated populations of an endangered marsupial, the mountain pygmy-possum, < em > Burramys parvus </ em >.

Genetic distance is often measured by Fixation index ( F < sub > ST </ sub >).

* Bryan Sykes < cite > The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry </ cite >, W. W. Norton, 2001, hardcover, 306 pages, ISBN 0-393-02018-5

Genetic factors can cause pretesticular, testicular, and posttesticular azoospermia ( or oligospermia ) and include the following situations: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities is inverse proportional to the semen count, thus males with azoospermia are at risk to have a 10-15 % abnormalities on karyotyping versus about < 1 % in the fertile male population.

Genetic studies show that the Eurasian Tree Sparrow diverged from the other Eurasian members of its genus relatively early, before the speciation of the House, Pegu and Spanish Sparrows .< ref name = Allende >

Genetic evidence from several nuclear and mitochondrial genes argues against placing Malagasy galidiines in the mongoose family ; instead, these species are more closely related to other Madagascar carnivorans, including the fossa and Malagasy civet .< ref > As a result, this subfamily was moved from Herpestidae to Eupleridae.

Genetic abnormalities are in some cases completely responsible for hypercholesterolemia, such as in familial hypercholesterolemia where there is one or more genetic mutations in, for example, the LDL receptor.

Early projects caught the attention of Applied Biosystems, which led to their donation of an automated sequencer ( an ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer ) to the school, making Sacred Heart the first high school in the country to have such technology., In 2005, using funding from a three-year grant from the Vernal W. and Florence H. Bates Foundation, a group of students identified genes implicated in osteoporosis and sequenced the calcitonin and collagen 1 alpha1 receptor genes in Bos taurus.

Genetic inactivation (" knockout ") of SOD produces deleterious phenotypes in organisms ranging from bacteria to mice and have provided important clues as to the mechanisms of toxicity of superoxide in vivo.

Genetic differences between humans and mice that may account for these different aging rates include efficiency of DNA repair, types and quantities of antioxidant enzymes, and different rates of free radical production.

Genetic knockout mice lacking the gene for orexin were also reported to exhibit narcolepsy.

Genetic studies in mice have shown a correlation between the HMG I-C gene ( previously identified as a gene related to obesity ) and lipoma development.

* Genetic engineering-The genome may also be experimentally-manipulated ; for example, knockout mice can be engineered to lack a particular gene, or a gene may be expressed in a strain which does not normally do so ( the ' transgenic ').

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding Foxp3 have been identified in both humans and mice based on the heritable disease caused by these mutations.

Genetic traits on the X and Y chromosomes are called sex linked, because they tend to be characteristic of one sex or the other.

In 2005, the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, the Indian regulatory authority, released a study on field tests of certain Bt cotton strains in Andhra Pradesh and ruled that Monsanto could not market those strains in Andhra Pradesh because the yields were poor, and extended the ban on one of them, Mech-12 Bt, to all of south India.

Genetic load is the probability that an average individual will die or fail to reproduce because of its harmful genes.

The terms of the agreement are contentious, because of their apparent lack of adherence to the Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing, as outlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ).

Genetic variation is important because it provides the “ raw material ” for natural selection.

* Genetic pollution, a controversial term because of its similar connotations

A founder of the Genetic Warlords motorcycle gang, but after his 13th arrest, the Plex drafts him because of his criminal experience.

Genetic research has shown coffee cultivation is threatening the genetic integrity of wild coffee because it exposes wild genotypes to cultivars.

Genetic data are particularly amenable to character-based phylogenetic methods such as maximum parsimony because protein and nucleotide sequences are naturally discrete: A particular position in a nucleotide sequence can be either adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine / uracil, or a sequence gap ; a position ( residue ) in a protein sequence will be one of the basic amino acids or a sequence gap.

Genetic markers have to be easily identifiable, associated with a specific locus, and highly polymorphic, because homozygotes do not provide any information.

Genetic manipulators who traffic in biological products such as artificial eyes, gholas, and " twisted " Mentats, the Tleilaxu are a major power in the Imperium.

Genetic engineering plays a major role in the vampire conspiracy.

Genetic predisposition is also a major factor in determining whether someone will develop melasma.

Genetic drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation.

Genetic predisposition plays a role in endometriosis.

Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the etiology of Tourette's, but the exact causes are unknown.

Genetic factors are often a cause of congenital cataract, and positive family history may also play a role in predisposing someone to cataracts at an earlier age, a phenomenon of " anticipation " in presenile cataracts.

Genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders depending on age.

Genetic drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation.

RAFI played a key role is pushing for and shaping UN recognition of farmers ' rights and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

Genetic encoding of liver enzymes may also play a role, as people of African descent routinely register higher blood cotinine levels than Caucasians.

A jazz / torch version of " Yesterday Was a Lie " from Genetic World, covered by Chase Masterson, plays a role in the film of the same name.

Genetic background determines such features as height, eye color, and potential to develop certain diseases like diabetes, but it also determines all the chemicals and structures that make up the brain, therefore playing a role in epilepsia partialis continua.

Genetic sex-determining factors also play a critical role in the sexual differentiation process.

Genetic markers also play a role in genetic engineering, as they can be used to produce normal, functioning proteins to replace defective ones.