Germany's last offensive on its Western front, Operation Wacht am Rhein, was an offensive launched towards the vital port of Antwerp in December 1944.

" Bindung " is the German word for fixation or bond ; " Westbindung " is Germany's implant into Western Europe and the Western World.

Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it became one, Germany's participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century and the participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.

Goebbels concluded that " Two thousand years of Western history are in danger ," and he blamed Germany's failures on the Jews.

The air war on the Western Front received the most attention in the annals of military aviation, since it produced aces such as Manfred von Richthofen, popularly known as the Red Baron, Ernst Udet, Hermann Göring, Oswald Boelcke, Werner Voss, and Max Immelmann ( the first airman to win the Pour le Mérite, Imperial Germany's highest decoration for gallantry, as a result of which the decoration became popularly known as the Blue Max ).

While no concrete plans were made yet, Hitler told one of his generals in June that the victories in western Europe " finally freed his hands for his important real task: the showdown with Bolshevism ", though German generals told Hitler that occupying Western Russia would create " more of a drain than a relief for Germany's economic situation.

His good relations with Western politicians, especially France's Valéry Giscard d ' Estaing and West Germany's Helmut Schmidt, were a catalyst for his receiving western aid and loans.

This, combined with Western Allied landings in France and Italy, led to a three-front war that depleted Germany's armed forces and resulted in Germany's defeat in 1945.

Led by Kurt Schumacher after World War II, the SPD initially opposed both the social market economy and Konrad Adenauer's drive towards western integration fiercely, but after Schumacher's death, it accepted the social market economy and Germany's position in the Western alliance in order to appeal to a broader range of voters.

In the Western zones, the Communist Party was later ( 1956 ) banned by West Germany's Federal Constitutional Court.

Official statements on the subject of foreign policy were mixed, particularly with respect to East Germany's relations with West Germany and the rest of Western Europe.

Perhaps the most controversial aspect of strategy in World War I was the difference among the British between the " Western " viewpoint ( held by Field Marshal Haig ) and the " Eastern "; the former being that all effort should be directed against the German Army, the latter that more useful work could be done by attacking Germany's allies.

Apologists and defenders of the Western viewpoint make the valid point that Germany's allies were more than once rescued from disaster or rendered capable of holding their own or making substantial gains by the provision of German troops, arms or military advisers, whereas those allies did not at any time provide a similar function for Germany.

His good relations with Western politicians, especially France's Valéry Giscard d ' Estaing and West Germany's Helmut Schmidt, were a catalyst for his receiving western aid and loans.

That same month Ludendorff planned and directed Germany's final Western Front offensives, including Operation Michael, Operation Georgette and Operation Bluecher ; although not formally a commander-in-chief, Ludendorff directed operations by issuing orders to the staffs of the armies at the front, as was perfectly normal under the German system of that time.

The Western Allied governments refused this initiative, while continuing West Germany's integration into the western alliance system.

The Locarno discussion arose from exchanges of notes between the British Empire, France and Germany over the summer of 1925 following German foreign minister Gustav Stresemann's 9 February proposal for a reciprocal of his country's western frontiers as established under the unfavourable 1919 Treaty of Versailles, as a means of facilitating Germany's diplomatic rehabilitation among the Western Powers.

The Japanese navy also succeeded in seizing several of Germany's island possessions in the Western Pacific: the Marianas, Carolines, and Marshalls.

Before the Western powers, Koo demanded that Germany's concessions on Shandong to be returned to China.

By September 1944 the Western Allies had reached Germany's western border, which was protected by the extensive Siegfried Line.

The Command's raids had tied up huge amounts of Germany's defensive resources-which might have been diverted to the Eastern and Western Fronts and elsewhere-and the physical destruction of war material was considerable.

The political uncertainty ended by late autumn, when the Allied victory on the Western Front sealed Germany's defeat.

The 08 / 15 film trilogy of 1954 – 55 concerns a sensitive young German soldier who rather be playing the piano who fights on the Eastern Front without understanding why, and no mention is made of genocidal aspects of Germany's war in East.

The enormous success of the Dopolavoro in Fascist Italy was the key factor in Nazi Germany's creation of its own version of the Dopolavoro, the Kraft durch Freude ( KdF ) or " Strength through Joy " program of the Nazi government's German Labour Front, which became even more successful than the Dopolavoro.

As a means to destabilize Russia on the Eastern Front, Germany's High Command allowed Lenin to travel across Germany and German-held territory into Russia in April 1917, anticipating him partaking in revolutionary activity.

The Home Front ( Hjemmefronten ) was the Norwegian resistance movement during Nazi Germany's occupation of Norway ( 1940 – 1945 ).

After the war, General Erich Ludendorff, Germany's chief military strategist and its commander-in-chief on the Western Front at the end of the war, tried to defend German behavior in his memoir published in 1919, the two-volume Meine Kriegserinnerungen, 1914 – 1918.

The Eastern Front was decisive in determining the outcome of World War II, eventually serving as the main reason for Germany's defeat.

He intended to keep them away from the Western Front, and in this way to contribute to Germany's eventual victory.

The historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davies II in The Myth of the Eastern Front ( Cambridge University Press, 2008 ) argue that, after 1945, Halder played a key role in creating a false and mythic view of the Nazi-Soviet war in which the Wehrmacht was largely blameless for both Germany's military defeat and its war crimes.

The Stresa Front was triggered by Germany's declaration of its intention to build up an air force, to increase the size of its army to 36 divisions ( 750, 000 men-much more than the amount prescribed by the Treaty of Versailles, the original figure set was 96, 000 men ) and to introduce conscription, in March 1935.

For all intents and purposes, it marked the end of major organized resistance on Nazi Germany's Western Front, as more than 300, 000 troops were taken prisoner.

Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius postulates in his book War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I, that a line can be traced from Ober Ost's policies and assumptions to Nazi Germany's plans and attitudes towards Eastern Europe.

The Spanish Falange supported Spanish intervention during World War II against the Soviet Union in the name of anti-communism, resulting in Spain supporting the Anti-Comintern Pact and sending volunteers to join Nazi Germany's foreign legions on the Eastern Front to support the German war effort against the Soviet Union.

The intended rapid 2nd Ukrainian Front assault on Budapest had been delayed, and Hungarian troops remained in the war as Germany's ally until the end of the war in Europe.

During the Eastern Front, wolf populations increased, though after Nazi Germany's defeat, wolf hunts resumed.

From the time of this invasion to 1944, the areas annexed by the Soviet Union were part of Germany's Ostland ( except for the Moldavian SSR ).

From August 1961 the Brocken, which lay in East Germany's border zone, immediately adjacent to West Germany, was declared an out-of-bounds area and was therefore not open to the public.

From this point on, as Andrew Roberts in particular argues, Halifax set his face firmly towards a policy of deterrence based on increased rearmament, including the reintroduction of conscription ; strengthening of alliances and economic support to Eastern Europe ; and a firmer line towards Germany, Italy and Japan in the hope that increased British resolution would increase the risks of a combination of all three ( of note, when war did begin, neither Japan nor Italy was prepared to join in until the pendulum had swung much further in Germany's favour ).

From August 1916 his appointment as Quartermaster general made him joint head ( with Paul von Hindenburg ), and chief engineer behind the management of Germany's effort in World War I until his resignation in October 1918.

From the signing of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to the German assault on the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Spanish communists pursued neutralist policies with regards to Germany's aggression against Poland and France, regarding the war as imperialist and unjust.

From 1973 onward, he was the SED leader in Dresden, East Germany's third-largest city.

From 1920-1923, Kondō was stationed in Germany, as part of the Japanese delegation to confirm Germany's adherence to the provision of the Treaty of Versailles.

From 1935 to 1945 the title was Heer ( Army ), part of the Wehrmacht, the name of Germany's armed forces under the Third Reich.

From 1957 to 1990 the airport hosted the Internationale Luft-und Raumfahrtausstellung, Germany's largest airshow.

From the 1960s, alongside the protagonists of the Frankfurt School, the Mitscherlichs played an important part in post-war Germany's intellectual debates, employing psychoanalytic thought for explaining the causes behind Nazi Germany and its aftermath in German society to the present day.

From 27 October 1998 to 18 July 2002 he served as Germany's Minister of Defence.

From the early 1960s until her death, Meysel was one of Germany's most popular actresses.

From the outset, West Germany and the Allies rejected East Germany's legitimacy.

From this time onwards, Friedrichshain often featured on East Berlin's cultural map: in 1962 the Kosmos, East Germany's largest cinema was opened, followed in 1981 by the country's most ambitious swimming and sports complex, the Sport-und Erholungszentrum.

From 1916, Havelock Wilson emerged as one of the most vehement supporters of the war in the labour movement, ostensibly because of Germany's conduct of the war at sea, especially the alleged targeting of non-combattant vessels.

From January 2011, under a major shake-up at MTV Networks Germany, VIVA continues to be part of MTV Networks Germany's free-to-air package and the channel will become the main music and entertainment brand within Germany while complemented by its sister channels MTV Germany and MTV Brand New, which are now pay TV.

From 2 February until 12 March 2010, the TV-broadcasters ProSieben and Das Erste ( ARD ) collaborated to find Germany's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010.

After reforming in 1987, the Cowboys signed to Germany's Normal records and released the classic Trouble From Providence album.

From the outset, he recognized Germany's colonial aspirations, though his appreciation of this complex situation was imperfect.