It could thus commemorate the victory of the Ghurid sultan Ghiyas ud-Din over the Ghaznevids in 1192 in Delhi, or the defeat of the Ghuzz Turks at Ghazna in 1173.

He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, a major historical work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyas ud din Balban to the first six years of reign of Firuz Shah Tughluq and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which details the Muslim Caste System in South Asia.

For example, Tamerlane appointed in 1402 the Ottoman Sultan Süleyman Çelebi ( deposed in 1411 ), who was styled as-Sultan ul-Azam, Sayyid us-Saladin ul-Arab wal Ajam, Malik ur-Rikaab ul-Umam, Ghiyas ud-Daula wa ud-Dunya, Sultan ul-Islam wal-Muslimin, as-Sultan ibni us-Sultan, Hasib-i-Nasib-I-Zaman, Amir ul-Rumelia ( Grand Sultan, Righteous Lord of Arabs, Helper of the State and the People, Sultan of Islam and the Muslims, Sultan son of Sultans, Prince of Rumelia ).

* Ghiyas ud din Balban ( 1266 – 1286 ), ex-slave, son-in-law of Sultan Nasir ud din Mahmud

* Princess Shahzadi Alamiyan Mariam Soltan Beygom ( b. 1551-d. at Isfahan, 1608 ), m. ( first ) Khan Ahmad Khan governor of Gilan, m. ( second ) as his second wife, Mir Nematu ’ llah Yazdi Zu ’ l-Nurain, eldest son of Amir Ghiyas ed-din Muhammad Yazdi Mir-i-Miran, having had issue one daughter and one son, by her first husband.

According to ` Abd al-Qadir Bada ' uni, one of the few contemporary historians to mention its construction, the architect of the tomb was the Persian architect, Mirak Mirza Ghiyas ( also referred to as Mirak Ghiyathuddin ) who was brought from Herat ( northwest Afghanistan ), and had previously designed several buildings in Herat, Bukhara ( now Uzbekistan ), and others elsewhere in India.

During Abu Sa ' id's lifetime, Hasan Buzurg was also called upon by Ghiyas al-Din to help stop rampant tax abuses in eastern Persia.

Upon Mu ' izzu'd-Din's death in 1370, his son Ghiyas al-Din Pir ' Ali inherited most of the Kartid lands, except for Sarakhs and a portion of Quhistan, which Ghiyas al Din's stepbrother Malik Muhammad gained.

When Ghiyas al-Din attempted to remove Malik Muhammad, ' Ali-yi Mu ' ayyad flanked his army and forced him to abort the campaign, instead compromising with his stepbrother.

In the meantime, both Ghiyas al-Din and Malik Muhammad had asked for the assistance of Timur regarding their conflict: the former had sent an embassy to him, while the latter had appeared before Timur in person as a requester of asylum, having been driven out of Sarakhs.

In 1370 Mu ' izz al-Din Husain of the Kartids died, to be succeeded by his sons Ghiyas al-Din Pir ' Ali and Malik Muhammad.

Nur Jahan was born on May 31 1577 in Kandahar ( now in Afghanistan ) to traveling Persian, Mirza Ghiyas Beg from Tehran ( now in Iran ).

His maternal grandfather Husam-ud-Din, was an important officer of Ghiyas ud din Balban and his father Muwayyid-ul-Mulk held the post of naib of Arkali Khan, the son of Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji.

To punish Pratapaditya for his disloyalty as a vassal and to subjugate his territory, a large expedition was launched under the command of Ghiyas Khan, which soon reached a place named Salka, near the confluence of the Jamuna and Ichhamati ( 1611 ).

The city fell, its fortifications were dismantled, theologians and scholars were deported to Timur's homeland, a high tribute was enacted, and Ghiyas al-Din and his son were carried off to Samarkand.

Ghiyas al-Din was made Timur's vassal, until he supported a rebellion in 1382 by the maliks of Herat.

To punish Pratapaditya for his disloyalty as a vassal and to subjugate his territory, a large expedition was launched under the command of Ghiyas Khan, which soon reached a place named Salka, near the confluence of the Jamuna and Ichhamati ( 1611 ).

m. ( second ) as his third wife, Mir Nimatu ’ llah Yazdi Zu ’ l-Nurain, eldest son of Amir Ghiyas ed-din Muhammad Yazdi Mir-i-Miran, having had issue, two sons, by her first husband.

( b. after 1562-d. at Isfahan, 1590 ) m. as his first wife, Mir Nimatu ’ llah Yazdi Zu ’ l-Nurain, eldest son of Amir Ghiyas ed-din Muhammad Yazdi Mir-i-Miran, having had issue, two sons.

* Ghiyas al-Din Tughlaq founds the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

At Kagarghat he tendered submission to Ghiyas Khan, who personally escorted Pratapaditya to Islam Khan at Dhaka.

At Kagarghat he tendered submission to Ghiyas Khan, who personally escorted Pratapaditya to Islam Khan at Dhaka.

Power shifted hands from Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud din Balban rose to the throne and successfully repelled both external and internal threats to the Sultanate.

Mughisuddin Tughral repulsed two massive attacks of the sultanate of Delhi before finally being defeated and killed by Ghiyas ud din Balban.,

Ghiyas ud din Balban captured the city in 1251 for Nasir ud din Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi.

* Ghiyas ud din Balban ( 1266 – 1286 ).

* Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau ( 1336 – 1338 / 9 )

The Conference of the Birds (, Mantiqu't-Tayr, 1177 ) is a book of poems in Persian by Farid ud-Din Attar of approximately 4500 lines.

The Simurgh appears in Iranian literary classics such as Farid ud-Din Attar's Conference of the Birds as instructor and birds leader, and in Ferdowsi's epic Shahnameh ( The Book of Kings ), in which also the Huma bird appears as the presumed " bird of paradise ".

Though his work flourished most under the twenty-seven year reign of Jalal ud-Din Shah Shuja ( Shah Shuja ), it is claimed Hāfez briefly fell out of favor with Shah Shuja for mocking inferior poets ( Shah Shuja wrote poetry himself and may have taken the comments personally ), forcing Hāfez to flee from Shiraz to Isfahan and Yazd, although no historical evidence of this is available.

A long footnote at the end of the review summarises The Conference of the Birds ( 1177 ), by Farid ud-Din Attar, in which a group of birds seek a feather dropped in the middle of China by Simurg, the bird king.

He was killed at Dupleix-Fathabad ( Sarasangupettai ), near Gingee, by the Pathan Himmat Khan, Nawab of Kadapa, on December 16, 1750 and was buried at the Mausoleum of Hazrat Burhan ud-Din Gharib, Khuldabad.

Babur ( Urdu: بابر ) ( named after the first Mughal Emperor Zahir ud-Din Babur ), also designated Hatf VII, is the first land attack cruise missile to be developed by Pakistan.

As the Mughal Empire came into closer contact with Hindus, especially under Jalal ud-Din Akbar, music and dance also flourished.

Abu-t-Tahir Ibn Ibrahim Majd ud-Din ul-Fairuzabadi, ( also known as El-Firuz Abadi or al-Firuzabadi ) ( 1329 – 1414 ) was an Arabic lexicographer born at Kazerun ( in modern Iran ) and educated in Shiraz, Wasit, Baghdad and Damascus.

At the same time Hāfez is said to have known by heart, the works of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, Saadi, Farid ud-Din and Nizami.

He was born to Parents, Ghazi ud-Din Khan Siddiqi Feroze Jung I and his first wife Wazir un-nisa Begum at Agra, 20 August 1671 as Mir Qamar ud-din Khan Siddiqi.

He was placed on the Mughal throne in December 1759 by Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III but subsequently deposed by the Afghan confederation ( Rohillas and Ahmad Shah Abdali ) and Nawab of Oudh Shuja-ud-Daula in 1760 in recognition of Shah Alam II as the rightful heir to the throne who was in exile at Allahabad.

Again the eldest brother of the Nizam, Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II, was ignored while he was at Delhi serving the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur.

He entered the service of Sultan Malik As-Salih Najm ud-Din in Mesopotamia, and was with him at Damascus until the Sultan was betrayed and imprisoned.

Hafez was supported by patronage from several successive local regimes: Shah Abu Ishaq, who came to power while Hafez was in his teens ; Timur at the end of his life ; and even the strict ruler Shah Mubariz ud-Din Muhammad ( Mubariz Muzaffar ).

: a little town in the area of Dujayl near Sarifin and Awana, 10 parasangs from Baghdad ; its natives are called Ukbari or Ukbarawi, and include our Sheikh the Imam of his time, Muhibb ud-Din Abul-Baqa Abdallah ibn al-Husayn an-Nahwi al-Ukbari, who died in Rabi I, 616 AH.