The Medici reigned Grand Dukes of Tuscany starting with Cosimo I de ' Medici in 1569, until the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici in 1737.

Although fighting stopped after the preliminary peace in 1735, the final peace settlement had to wait until the death of the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone in 1737, to allow the territorial exchanges provided for by the peace settlement to go into effect.

* May 24 – Gian Gastone de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1737 )

* The direct male line of the Medici family becomes extinct with the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

* July 9 – Gian Gastone de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1671 )

They ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany from its inception until 1737, with the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici.

Francis Stephen was to receive the Grand Duchy of Tuscany upon the death of childless Grand Duke Gian Gastone de ' Medici.

Although fighting stopped after the preliminary peace, the final peace settlement had to wait until the death of the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone in 1737, to allow the territorial exchanges provided for by the peace settlement to go into effect.

Elisabeth of Parma had also wanted the Grand Duchy of Tuscany for her son Charles III of Spain ; Gian Gastone de ' Medici was childless and was related to Elisabeth via her great grandmother Margherita de ' Medici.

Gian Gastone de ' Medici, who died on 9 July 1737, was the second cousin of Francis.

She also sought for him the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, because Gian Gastone de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 1671-1737 ) was also childless.

His cousin Gian Gastone de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, was named his co-tutor and despite Charles being the default heir of Gian Gastone, the Grand Duke still gave him a warm welcome.

Gian Gastone staged a fête in honour of the Patron Saint of Florence, Jean-Baptiste, on 24 June.

At this fête Gian Gastone named Charles his heir, giving him the title of Hereditary Prince of Tuscany, and Charles paid homage to the Florentine senate, as was the tradition for heirs to the Tuscan throne.

After the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, found out about the ceremony, he was greatly enraged due to Gian Gastone not giving him Imperial nomination having the rank of .. Ruler of the Romans.

After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete.

When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of nominal regent of Tuscany, but she declined.

She departed for Düsseldorf, her husband ’ s capital, on 6 May 1691, accompanied by her younger brother, Gian Gastone.

Anna Maria Luisa arranged a marriage for her younger brother at the instigation of their father: On 2 July 1697 Gian Gastone de ' Medici married Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, heiress of the eponymous duchy, in Düsseldorf.

Following the death of his heir apparent, Ferdinando, in 1713, Cosimo deposited a bill in the Senate, Tuscany's titular legislature, promulgating that if Cosimo and his new heir, Gian Gastone, were to predecease the Electress she would mount the throne.

Upon hearing of Anna Maria Luisa's intention to return, Violante Beatrice prepared to depart for Munich, her brother's capital, but Gian Gastone wished her to stay, so she did.

On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Cosimo III distributed a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany shall stay independent ; Anna Maria Luisa shall succeed uninhibited after Gian Gastone ; the Grand Duke reserves the right to choose his successor.

A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medici's large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas, which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone's death in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state, on the condition that no part of it could be removed from " the Capital of the grand ducal State .... from the succession of His Serene Grand Duke.

However, it was these traits that earned Gian Gastone the disdain of his father and of his elder brother, Grand Prince Ferdinando ; Gian Gastone was thus granted a scant allowance by his father and therefore could not enjoy the " dissipations " of court.

The Marquis concluded that nothing — not even the Holy Roman Empress's reproaches — could compel Anna Maria Franziska to Florence, where Gian Gastone longed to be.

The open space which lies before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII, as an appropriate forecourt, designed " so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace " ( Norwich 1975 p 175 ).

Once more in Florence after 1719, Galilei was appointed Ingegnere delle fortezze e fabbriche di corte (" Engineer of court buildings and fortresses ") of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, Cosimo III and Gian Gastone de ' Medici, last of the Medici grand dukes, neither of whom, however, could provide him with architectural projects suited to his talents.

In an attempt to rouse him from this condition, Cardinal Francesco Maria often summoned Gian Gastone to festivities at his villa, Lappeggi.

The ramshackle condition of the capital was noted by philosopher Montesquieu five years into Gian Gastone's reign: " There is no town where men live in less luxury than Florence ".

* Into the Bermuda Triangle: Pursuing the Truth Behind the World's Greatest Mystery by Gian J. Quasar, International Marine / Ragged Mountain Press ( 2003 ) ISBN 0-07-142640-X ; contains list of missing craft as researched in official records.

A visit to the villa of Cardinal Luigi d ' Este in 1573 convinced Pope Gregory XIII to start the building of a summer residence the following year, in an area considered healthier than the Vatican Hill or Lateran: His architects were Flaminio Ponzio and Ottaviano Nonni, called Mascherino ; under Pope Sixtus V, works were continued by Domenico Fontana ( the main facade on the Piazza ) and Carlo Maderno, and by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Clement XII.

After Galeazzo's wife Isabella died in childbirth in 1373, he married secondly, on 2 October 1380, his first cousin Caterina Visconti, daughter of the late Bernabò ; with her he had two sons, Gian Maria and Filippo Maria.

* Italian — Menotti, Gian Carlo: The Death of Pierrot ( 1923 ; written by Menotti, including libretto, when he was age 11, in the same year he entered the Milan Conservatory for formal training ).

Gian Paolo Baglioni was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by Leo X ; and in 1540 Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by Pier Luigi Farnese, and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges.

He married his daughter Violante to Lionel of Antwerp, son of Edward III of England, giving a dowry of 200, 000 gold florins ; and his son Gian Galeazzo to Isabelle, daughter of King John of France.

At the age of twelve he translated the Iliad into octave stanzas ; and two years later he composed a Senecan tragedy on a subject from Gian Giorgio Trissino's Italia liberata – Gravina's favourite epic.

The Ruspanti, Gian Gastone's morally corrupt entourage, hated the Electress ; and she, them.

Gian Gastone de ' Medici ( Giovanni Battista Gastone ; 24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737 ) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany.

The Medici were wanting in male heirs ; his father, Cosimo III, wanted the Electress Palatine to succeed Gian Gastone.

Anna Maria Franziska made an effort to welcome him back ; however, her mood turned sour when Gian Gastone brought up the prospect of wintering in Prague.

" Cosimo III conceded defeat and recalled Gian Gastone to Florence in 1708 ; he never saw his wife again.

" Additionally, Gian Gastone's fragile temperament required long periods of isolation ; he spent several hours alone each night, drinking and staring up at the moon.

These parites ceased when Violante Beatrice died, in 1731 ; Gian Gastone was devastated by the loss of his beloved sister-in-law.

An alcoholic, Gian Gastone drank too much before the ceremony and vomited repeatedly throughout ; he had to be carried unconscious back to the Palazzo Pitti, the royal palace, on a litter.

Gian Gastone was angry ; he had become quite attached to the Infante-Duke, and didn't like the prospect of a foreigner ruling Tuscany.

The most renowned condottieri fought for foreign powers: Gian Giacomo Trivulzio abandoned Milan for France, while Andrea Doria was Admiral of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. In the end, failure was political, rather than military, stemming from disunity and political indecision, and, by 1550, the military service condotta had disappeared, while the term condottiere remained current, denominating the great Italian generals ( mainly ) fighting for foreign states ; men such as Gian Giacomo Medici, Ambrogio Spinola, Marcantonio II Colonna and Raimondo Montecuccoli were prominent into the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries.

" Stern ; Harry's partner, Inspector Clarence McNeil ( Felton Perry ); Clarence Felder as redneck inspector Boris " Bobo " Pritzger ; Joseph Gian as Rick Silardi, a gay cop, and Sydney Walsh as officer Maureen " Mo " DeMott, his patrol partner intent on " saving " him from being gay by making unwanted passes.