Later Christian chroniclers and pre-20th century historians praised Charles Martel as the champion of Christianity, characterizing the battle as the decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe ; according to modern military historian Victor Davis Hanson, " most of the 18th and 19th century historians, like Gibbon, saw Poitiers ( Tours ), as a landmark battle that marked the high tide of the Muslim advance into Europe.

At this point Gibbon ’ s howitzer appeared on the battlefield and fired two or three ineffectual rounds.

Edward Gibbon accepts this implication as fact, although none of the three sources explicitly state Leo did support him.

Blunt remained a South Sea director, as did Sawbridge and they had been joined by Gibbon and Child.

The Romans did later recover the lost legions ' eagles ( see Edward Gibbon ), two of them in 15 AD – 16 AD, the third in 42 AD.

Historian, Edward Gibbon theorized that Pope Honorius I reconciled the Patriarch to Rome in 638, although this did not last.

Gibbon feared that the Nez Perce, who he believed outnumbered him, although they probably did not, would overrun his position, but instead the battle settled down into a sniping duel between about 60 Nez Perce under Ollokot and the soldiers.

" And his division did bear the brunt of fighting during the defense against Pickett's Charge on July 3, when Gibbon was again wounded.

Other examples of " Cleopatra's Nose " types of history cited by Carr were the claim by Edward Gibbon that if the Turkish sultan Bayezid I did not suffer from gout, he would have conquered Central Europe, Winston Churchill's statement that if King Alexander had not died of a monkey bite, the Greco-Turkish War would have been avoided, and Leon Trotsky's remark that if he not contracted a cold while duck hunting, he would not have missed a crucial Politburo meeting in 1923.

Maynooth did not exist, and the priest was educated in the liberal atmosphere of a French College, and possibly both of them read Voltaire and Gibbon.

It was Edward Gibbon Wakefield's hope that Lord Mandeville would emigrate and be the aristocratic leader in the colony, but he did not go to New Zealand.

In his official report on Gettysburg, John Gibbon, Harrow's superior, openly praised his other two division commanders, but, notably, did not mention Harrow in his litany of officers deserving recognition.

Brooks Adams preferred the chronicles of Froissart or the style and theorizing of Edward Gibbon, for at least they took a stand on the issues about which they wrote.

Most historians, including Edward Gibbon, date the defeat at Manzikert as the beginning of the end of the Eastern Roman Empire.

According to Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, during the shifting of offices that took place at the beginning of the new reigns, Alaric apparently hoped he would be promoted from a mere commander to the rank of general in one of the regular armies.

Edward Gibbon was born in 1737, the son of Edward and Judith Gibbon at Lime Grove, in the town of Putney, Surrey.

Most of the first settlers were brought over by a programme operated by the New Zealand Company ( inspired by Edward Gibbon Wakefield ) and were located in the central region on either side of Cook Strait, and at Wellington, Wanganui, New Plymouth and Nelson.

Gibbon lists the Roman conquest of Britain under Claudius and the conquests of Trajan as exceptions to this policy of moderation and places the end of the period at the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD, despite the conclusion of peace by the latter's son Commodus later in the same year.

While the Terry / Gibbon column was marching toward the mouth of the Little Bighorn, on the evening of June 24, Custer's scouts arrived at an overlook known as the Crow's Nest, east of the Little Bighorn River.

Edward Gibbon refers to him as " the man universally celebrated as the terror of Barbarians and the support of the Republic " for his victory at the Catalaunian Plains.

In 403 at Verona, Stilicho again bested Alaric, who as Gibbon said only escaped by the speed of his horse.

Gibbon is located at ( 40. 747656 ,-98. 844381 ).

This battle, especially since Edward Gibbon addressed it in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and Sir Edward Creasy wrote his The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World, has been considered by many historians to be one of the most important battles of Late Antiquity, at least in the Latin-speaking world.

The novelist Lewis Grassic Gibbon ( James Leslie Mitchell ) attended school at what was the old Mackie Academy ( now Arduthie Primary ).

Wotton wrote a History of Rome in ( 1701 ) at the request of Bishop Burnet, which was later used by the historian Edward Gibbon.

In January 1843 Captain Arthur Wakefield, who had been dispatched by the New Zealand Company to lead the first group of settlers to Nelson, wrote to his brother, Colonel Edward Gibbon Wakefield, one of the principal officers of the New Zealand Company, that he had located the required amount of land at Wairau, an average distance of 25 km from Nelson.

The first successful open heart procedure on a human utilizing the heart lung machine was performed by John Gibbon on May 6, 1953 at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia.

These late experimental narratives show Brown exploring the interface of fiction and history at the end of the revolutionary era, at a moment that both follows the great Enlightenment historians ( e. g., David Hume, William Robertson, Edward Gibbon ) and prefigures the emergence of the 19th-century historical romance form in writers like Walter Scott or James Fenimore Cooper.

Captain Arthur Wakefield ( 19 November 1799 – 17 June 1843 ) served with the Royal Navy, before joining his brother, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, in founding the new settlement at Nelson, New Zealand.

Buchanan also published a collection of short stories and poems, written in collaboration with Charles Gibbon, entitled Storm-beaten, or Christmas Eve at the " Old Anchor " Inn in 1862, before Undertones, which is often cited as Buchanan's first book.

His friendship with the British consul-general at Madrid, Stanier Porten ( uncle of the historian Edward Gibbon ) deepened his interest in trade matters, and he used the consuls as well as paid spies to get accurate information about Spain ’ s naval rebuilding.

He received the rudiments of an excellent education at a free school in Dublin, and afterwards spent a year or two ( 1751 – 1752 ) under his father's roof at Skeyton Rectory, Norfolk, and elsewhere, and for a short time he had Edward Gibbon as a fellow-pupil.

In the seventeenth century it was in England that Machiavelli's ideas were most substantially developed and adapted, and that republicanism came once more to life ; and out of seventeenth-century English republicanism there were to emerge in the next century not only a theme of English political and historical reflection-of the writings of the Bolingbroke circle and of Gibbon and of early parliamentary radicals-but a stimulus to the Enlightenment in Scotland, on the Continent, and in America.

For once, Edward Gibbon Wakefield urged caution, but he was in Wellington and his brother Arthur was the man on the spot.

With the wounding of Gibbon, Harrow was elevated once more to command of the 2nd Division.

In Wellington he met up with another brother, Daniel Bell Wakefield, resumed his campaign against Edward Gibbon, and started a new campaign aiming to have the administrators of the Canterbury Settlement replaced.

Gibbon, General George Crook, and General Alfred Terry were to make a coordinated campaign against the Sioux and Cheyenne, but Crook was driven back at the Battle of the Rosebud, and Gibbon was not close by when Lt. Col. George A. Custer attacked a very large village on the banks of the Little Bighorn River.

In the beginning of spring training, Umbricht competed against fellow rookies Bennie Daniels and Joe Gibbon for these two spots.

But Gibbon believes, as do most pre-modern and modern historians, that Charles had made the best of a bad situation.

This became a claim that Charles had literally saved Christianity, as Gibbon and his generation of historians agreed that the Battle of Tours was unquestionably decisive in world history.

The first wave of real " modern " historians, especially scholars on Rome and the medieval period, such as Edward Gibbon, contended that had Charles fallen, the Umayyad Caliphate would have easily conquered a divided Europe.

Nor was Gibbon alone in lavishing praise on Charles as the savior of Christendom and western civilization.

During his years in Oxford, Blunden published extensively: several collections of poetry including Choice or Chance ( 1934 ) and Shells by a Stream ( 1944 ), prose works on Charles Lamb ; Edward Gibbon ; Keats's publisher ; Percy Bysshe Shelley ; John Taylor ; and Thomas Hardy ; and a book about a game he loved, Cricket Country ( 1944 ).

Edward Gibbon, the historian of Rome and its aftermath, called Charles Martel " the paramount prince of his age.

* Lambton, John George, Charles Buller, Edward Gibbon Wakefield ( 1839 ).

He was famous as a writer of epitaphs and wrote inscriptions for the tombs of Burke, Charles Burney, Johnson, Fox and Gibbon.

* Lambton, John George, Charles Buller, Edward Gibbon Wakefield.

Edward Gibbon and other historians believe that Charles Martel was well aware of the growing storm from Muslim Spain and his primary focus in the decade between the battles of Toulouse and Tours was to prepare for the latter.

Edward Gibbon, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Johann Gottfried Herder, William Lecky, Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire were among the many Western writers of that period who were critical of the Byzantine system.