* Rare hereditary defects of renal salt transporters, such as Bartter syndrome or Gitelman syndrome, can cause hypokalemia, in a manner similar to that of diuretics.

Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive kidney disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia and caused by loss of function mutations of the thiazidesensitive sodium-chloride symporter ( also known as NCC, NCCT, or TSC ) located in the distal convoluted tubule.

Gitelman syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

* Gitelman / Bartter Syndromes

Sagan taught a course on critical thinking at Cornell University until he died in 1996 from pneumonia, a few months after finding that he was in remission of myelodysplastic syndrome.

They are often portrayed as children with Williams syndrome ( which was not recognised as a medical condition but some specialist believe that people were enchanted with their character and appearance that they believed to be magical ), usually with fair hair.

The BBC say a great deal of research was undertaken such as talking to families with children who have Down's syndrome, and liaising with a senior midwife as well as the Down's Syndrome Association.

This syndrome was described by Charlotte Dravet, French psychiatrist and epileptologist ( born July 14, 1936 ).

At Centre Saint Paul, one of her supervisors was Henri Gastaut, who described the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Some had been conscious and lucid, talking to rescuers, but died of crush syndrome soon after the weight was removed from their bodies.

However another study, had observed that pusher syndrome is also present in patients with left hemisphere lesions, leading to aphasia, providing a stark contrast to what was previously believed regarding hemispatial neglect, which mostly occurs with a right hemisphere lesion.

In addition, the panel was presented with other data suggesting the effectiveness of hypnosis in other chronic pain conditions, which include irritable bowel syndrome, oral mucositis and swelling of the mucus membrane, temporomandibular disorders pain, and tension headaches.

In 2005 and in 2007, systematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration showed no proper evidence that hypnotherapy was useful in the treatment of smoking addiction or in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS )

In 1990, Bonewits was diagnosed with Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.

Originally called interstitial cystitis, this disorder was renamed to interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome in the 2002-2010 timeframe.

It was rejected primarily due to two cases of serious skin rash, suspected to have been Erythema multiforme or Stevens – Johnson syndrome, among 933 subjects receiving the drug.

Although no definite medical proof exists, he was reputed to have been affected by Marfan syndrome.

The Stendhal syndrome was named after Henri-Marie Beyle ( January 23, 1783 – March 23, 1842 ), better known by his penname Stendhal

Although there are many descriptions of people becoming dizzy and fainting while taking in Florentine art, especially at the Uffizi, dating from the early 19th century on, the syndrome was only named in 1979, when it was described by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini, who observed and described more than 100 similar cases among tourists and visitors in Florence.

Hank Blalock, the starting 3rd baseman who had been enjoying a good season, was placed on the 60-day disabled list on the May 19th due to thoracic outlet syndrome, and Mark Teixeira followed him onto the disabled list on June 9 ( for the first time in his career ) with a strained left quadriceps muscle.

The tour was suspended during Nicks's bout with chronic fatigue syndrome and developing addiction to tranquilizers, though it resumed in 1988.

The current ASD classification is to some extent an artifact of how autism was discovered, and may not reflect the true nature of the spectrum ; methodological problems have beset Asperger syndrome as a valid diagnosis from the outset.

It was an incidental finding in a normal 44-year-old, 6 ft. tall man of average intelligence who was karyotyped because he had a daughter with Down syndrome.

Lens dislocation in Marfan syndrome ; the lens was kidney-shaped and was resting against the ciliary body.

The importance of the TGFβ pathway was confirmed with the discovery of the similar Loeys-Dietz syndrome involving the TGFβR2 gene on chromosome 3, a receptor protein of TGFβ.

Among cases that are detected by routine amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, one study found that the prevalence of Turner syndrome among tested pregnancies was 5. 58 and 13. 3 times higher respectively than among live neonates in a similar population.

Less marked neurological abnormalities can cause urological disorders as well — for example, abnormalities of the sensory nervous system are thought by many researchers to play a role in disorders of painful or frequent urination ( e. g. painful bladder syndrome, formerly known as interstitial cystitis ).

Complex regional pain syndrome ( CRPS ), formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy or Causalgia, is a chronic progressive disease characterized by severe pain, swelling, and changes in the skin.

Sepsis can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) ( formerly known as multiple organ failure ), and death.

The long and troubled gestation of the new album saw keyboardist Neil Codling leave the band, citing chronic fatigue syndrome, to be replaced by Alex Lee, formerly of Strangelove.

Conversion syndrome was not formerly considered a separate disorder but was categorized with somatization disorder until the work of Jean-Martin Charcot and Paul Briquet.

When plasma is diluted by excessive water intake ( or hyponatremia ), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( SIADH ), hemodialysis, or rapid reduction of blood glucose in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ( HHS ), formerly hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis ( HONK ), the brain osmolality will then exceed the serum osmolality creating an abnormal pressure gradient down which water will flow into the brain causing edema.

Occipital horn syndrome ( OHS ), formerly considered a variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, is an X-linked recessive connective tissue disorder.

It can cause multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( formerly known as multiple organ failure ) and death.

ARDS formerly most commonly signified adult respiratory distress syndrome to differentiate it from infant respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.

* ME Research UK, formerly MERGE, a UK charity funding biomedical research into Chronic fatigue syndrome

Hurler syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type I ( MPS I ), Hurler's disease, also gargoylism, is a genetic disorder that results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans ( formerly known as mucopolysaccharides ) due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of mucopolysaccharides in lysosomes.

Showalter's controversial take on illnesses such as dissociative identity disorder ( formerly called multiple personality disorder ), Gulf War syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome in her book Hystories: Hysterical Epidemics and Modern Media ( 1997 ) has angered some in the health profession and many who suffer from these illnesses.

The disorder was formerly thought to be an extreme case of caudal regression syndrome ; however, it was reclassified to be considered a separate condition.

The androgen insensitivity syndrome, formerly known as testicular feminization, is caused by a mutation of the androgen receptor gene located on the X chromosome ( locus: Xq11-Xq12 ).

CHARGE syndrome ( formerly known as CHARGE association ), is a syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.

CHARGE syndrome was formerly referred to as CHARGE association, which indicates a non-random pattern of congenital anomalies that occurs together more frequently than one would expect on the basis of chance.

MSA is also characterized by autonomic failure, formerly known as Shy-Drager syndrome.