Idealists are skeptics about the physical world, maintaining either: 1 ) that nothing exists outside the mind, or 2 ) that we would have no access to a mind-independent reality even if it may exist ; the latter case often takes the form of a denial of the idea that we can have unconceptualised experiences ( see Myth of the Given ).

Given these changes, the classical terms " system ", " expansion " and " peripheral " no longer have the same connotations.

Given the broad scope of environmental law, no fully definitive list of environmental laws is possible.

Given the universality of free fall, there is no observable distinction between inertial motion and motion under the influence of the gravitational force.

Given that Gable and Cukor had worked together before, in Manhattan Melodrama and Gable had no objection to working with him then, and given Selznick's desperation to get Gable for Rhett Butler, if Gable had any objections to Cukor, certainly they would have been expressed before he signed his contract for the film.

Given a set S with a partial order ≤, an infinite descending chain is a chain V that is a subset of S upon which ≤ defines a total order such that V has no least element, that is, an element m such that for all elements n in V it holds that m ≤ n.

Given its long stability and isolation, New Caledonia serves as a unique island refugium — a sort of biological ' ark ' — hosting a unique ecosystem and preserving Gondwanan plant and animal lineages no longer found elsewhere.

Given printing practices at the time ( which included type-setting from dictation ), no two editions turned out to be identical, and it is relatively rare to find even two copies that are exactly the same.

Given the repressive nature of the regime of Napoleon III, Bartholdi took no immediate action on the idea except to discuss it with Laboulaye.

Given its exposed spot on the top of Stow Hill, the town is often referred to with the couplet " Stow on the Wold, where the winds blow cold and the cooks can't roast their dinners ", but there is no source for this.

Given the number of homes, it seems likely that no more than fifty people lived in Skara Brae at any given time.

" As Shelly Kagan says, “ Given the parameters of the actual world, there is no question that …( maximally )… promoting the good would require a life of hardship, self-denial, and austerity … a life spent promoting the good would be a severe one indeed .”

Given the union's commitment to international solidarity, its efforts and success in the field come as no surprise.

Given their original purpose, military marching bands typically march in a forward direction with ( no variation of ) straight lines.

Given a day mandated for seasonal rejoicing ( Shemini Atzeret ) with no specific obligations as to the focus of the rejoicing ( such as sukkah, lulav or etrog ), it is not surprising that the celebration of the conclusion of the annual reading was absorbed into the celebration of Shemini Atzeret.

Given the structure of the experiment, it may or may not be possible to actually perform it, and, in the case that it is possible for it to be performed, there need be no intention of any kind to actually perform the experiment in question.

Given a set of integers, FIND-SUBSET-SUM is the problem of finding some nonempty subset of the integers that adds up to zero ( or returning the empty set if there is no such subset ).

Given no compression, the foam rises to fill the space allowed.

Given the need for immediate action was no longer pressing, François once again demanded he be allowed to wait for his artillery supplies.

Given the well-established traditional connections between the fictional Dido and Aeneas and the historical Antony and Cleopatra, it is no surprise that Shakespeare includes numerous allusions to Virgil ’ s epic in his historical tragedy.

: Given that desegregation has not produced the predicted leaps forward in black educational achievement, there is no reason to think that black students cannot learn as well when surrounded by members of their own race as when they are in an integrated environment.

Given that the U. S. is still home to the world's largest economy, there's no reason it shouldn't have the most vibrant equity markets — unless regulation is holding back the creation of new public companies.

Given the technical limitations of the day, transporting it was no easy feat — on the pedestal are drawn diagrams explaining the machinery that was used for the transportation.

Given a graceful exit from a marriage and wife he has no interest in, Henry gradually agrees, saying " Good night, my dear sister.

Given that the probability p is known, past outcomes provide no information about future outcomes.

Given a field F, the assertion “ F is algebraically closed ” is equivalent to other assertions:

) Given the exclusionary and ancestral conception of citizenship held by Greek city-states, a relatively large portion of the population took part in the government of Athens and of other radical democracies like it.

Given the other ZF axioms, the axiom of regularity is equivalent to the axiom of induction.

Given this kind of data, the estimated coefficient on Years of Education in the equation above reflects both the effect of education on wages and the effect of other variables on wages, if those other variables were correlated with education.

Given MLB's refusal to consider expansion, Kirksey, Cullinan, Smith, and Hofheinz joined forces with would-be owners from other cities and announced the formation of a new league to compete with the established National and American Leagues.

Given that non-violence has priority, all other principles yield to it whenever there is a conflict.

Given a complete set of axioms ( see below for one such set ), modus ponens is sufficient to prove all other argument forms in propositional logic, and so we may think of them as derivative.

Given his record, it is not surprising that the other Party leaders were suspicious of Beria's motives.

Given an arithmetic function, one can generate a bi-infinite sequence of other arithmetic functions by repeatedly applying the first summation.

Given the proposition that ' a persons life prospects should not be decided by factors outside of their control or for which a person cannot claim personal credit ' ( i. e. social status, inherited wealth, race and other accidents of birth ) a meritocracy proposes a system where people are rewarded based on their efforts, and if everyone can start on equal footing with the same opportunity to advance, then the results are just.

Given this reliance on literary sources, it is doubtful whether Nostradamus used any particular methods for entering a trance state, other than contemplation, meditation and incubation.

" Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of their produce.

Given that Dada created its own means for interpreting its products, it is difficult to classify alongside most other contemporary art expressions.

Given this and other evidence, many scholars agree that Peter was martyred in Rome under Nero, although some scholars argue that he may have been martyred in Palestine.

" Given that science continually seeks to adjust its theories structurally to fit the facts, i. e., adjusts its maps to fit the territory, and thus advances more rapidly than any other field, he believed that the key to understanding sanity would be found in the study of the methods of science ( and the study of structure as revealed by science ).

Given the role that many social groups have in the development of public policy and the extensive connections between state bureaucracies and other institutions, it has become increasingly difficult to identify the boundaries of the state.

Given two points ( x < sub > 1 </ sub >, y < sub > 1 </ sub >) and ( x < sub > 2 </ sub >, y < sub > 2 </ sub >), the change in x from one to the other is ( run ), while the change in y is ( rise ).

Given any two cards from the deck, there will be one and only one other card that forms a set with them.

Given the symmetry of circularly polarized light, we could have in fact selected any other two orthogonal components and found the same phase relationship between them.

Given that France maintained a strong standing army, and that Prussia and the other German states would need weeks to mobilise their conscript armies, the French held the initial advantage of troop numbers and experience.

Given an initial allocation of goods among a set of individuals, a change to a different allocation that makes at least one individual better off without making any other individual worse off is called a Pareto improvement.

Given the circumstances, the Ghent Altarpiece is a difficult work to use for comparison when assessing other attributions, especially as several other artists from the brothers ' workshops probably worked on it as well.

# Given any elements a and a ' of G, if a ~ a ', then a < sup >− 1 </ sup > ~ a ' < sup >− 1 </ sup > ( this can actually be proven from the other four, so is strictly redundant ).