Given Goldman's major investments in California state finances, all these ties to Goldman Sachs led to considerable controversy during the gubernatorial campaign.

* Given any topological space X, the continuous real-or complex-valued functions on X form a real or complex unitary associative algebra ; here the functions are added and multiplied pointwise.

Idealists are skeptics about the physical world, maintaining either: 1 ) that nothing exists outside the mind, or 2 ) that we would have no access to a mind-independent reality even if it may exist ; the latter case often takes the form of a denial of the idea that we can have unconceptualised experiences ( see Myth of the Given ).

Given the complexity of the calculations involved and the convoluted structure that a convertible bond can have, an arbitrageur often relies on sophisticated quantitative models in order to identify bonds that are trading cheap versus their theoretical value.

Given that Bozizé accuses Sudan of supporting the UFDR rebels who are actively fighting the Central African Government, the relation between the two countries has remained good.

Given this popular understanding of the term, it can also be used illegitimately and inappropriately, as a means to dismiss what are in fact substantial and well-evidenced accusations.

Given that many journeys are for relatively short distances, there is considerable scope to replace car use with walking or cycling, though in many settings this may require some infrastructure modification, particularly to attract the less experienced and confident.

Given the rugged terrain of Ngazidja and Nzwani, and the dedication of extensive tracts to agriculture on all three islands, population pressures on Comoros are becoming increasingly critical.

Given this basic definition, further criteria are needed to establish a dividing line between postlexical clitics and morphological affixes, since both are characterized by a lack of prosodic autonomy.

Given that a father's age is 1 less than twice that of his son, and that the digits AB making up the father's age are reversed in the son's age ( i. e. BA ), leads to the equation 19B-8A

Given its different forms, there are various ways of representing uncertainty and modelling economic agents ' responses to it.

* Given a partition of A, G is a transformation group under composition, whose orbits are the cells of the partition ‡;

* Given a transformation group G over A, there exists an equivalence relation ~ over A, whose equivalence classes are the orbits of G.

Raymond also coined an aphorism he dubbed " Linus ' Law ", inspired by Linus Torvalds: " Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow ", that first appeared in The Cathedral and the Bazaar.

Given the great historical link between Persian and Jewish history, modern day Persian Jews are called " Esther's Children ".

Given that the vast majority of all emeralds are treated as described above, and the fact that two stones that appear visually similar may actually be quite far apart in treatment level and therefore in value, a consumer considering a purchase of an expensive emerald is well advised to insist upon a treatment report from a reputable gemological laboratory.

Given the difficulty of finding exact solutions, Einstein's field equations are also solved frequently by numerical integration on a computer, or by considering small perturbations of exact solutions.

Given a trigonometric series f ( x ) with S as its set of zeros, Cantor had discovered a procedure that produced another trigonometric series that had S ' as its set of zeros, where S ' is the set of limit points of S. If p ( 1 ) is the set of limit points of S, then he could construct a trigonometric series whose zeros are p ( 1 ).

Given that genes are universal to living organisms, genetics can be applied to the study of all living systems, from viruses and bacteria, through plants and domestic animals, to humans ( as in medical genetics ).

Given a groupoid G, the vertex groups or isotropy groups or object groups in G are the subsets of the form G ( x, x ), where x is any object of G. It follows easily from the axioms above that these are indeed groups, as every pair of elements is composable and inverses are in the same vertex group.

On poverty, Hoover said that " Given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation ", and promised, " We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land ," but within months, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurred, and the world's economy spiraled downward into the Great Depression.

Given that the coiled texture is the natural state of some African Americans ' hair, or perceived as being more " African ", this simple style is now often seen as a sign of self-acceptance and an affirmation that the beauty norms of the ( eurocentric ) dominant culture are not absolute.

Given these two assumptions, the coordinates of the same event ( a point in space and time ) described in two inertial reference frames are related by a Galilean transformation.

Given the similarities in the two characters ' names, professions, written works and generally dark subject matter, it is likely that Lovecraft's Alhazred provided the main inspiration for al-Hazir.

Given that the leadership of the EU is subject to a particularly low voter turnout, it may be termed an oligarchy of the European Council members.

Without doubt, the single most significant paper concerning the distribution of prime numbers was Riemann's 1859 memoir On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude, the only paper he ever wrote on the subject.

BONUS: Given the title of an Irving Stone biography, identify the subject.

The wavelets forming a continuous wavelet transform ( CWT ) are subject to the uncertainty principle of Fourier analysis respective sampling theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one cannot assign simultaneously an exact time and frequency response scale to that event.

Given Binet's stance that intelligence testing was subject to variability and was not generalizable, it is important to look at the metamorphosis that mental testing took on as it made its way to the U. S.

Given the variety of approaches, Economic Geography has taken to many different subject matters, including: the location of industries, economies of agglomeration ( also known as " linkages "), transportation, international trade, economic development, real estate, gentrification, ethnic economies, gendered economies, core-periphery theory, the economics of urban form, the relationship between the environment and the economy ( tying into a long history of geographers studying culture-environment interaction ), and globalization.

Given testable information, the maximum entropy procedure consists of seeking the probability distribution which maximizes information entropy, subject to the constraints of the information.

Given the technical limitations of daguerreotype photography which required long exposure times, this was one situation where the portrait subject remained quite still.

" Given the subject matter of his poetry he was likely a " man in holy orders ," and the deep Christian knowledge conveyed through his verse implies that he was well learned in ecclesiastical and hagiographical literature, as well as the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.

Given the subject of this film, pictures are so important because they transcend language.

Given that Montagu-Stuart-Wortley's orders prior to the attack had been " to occupy the ground that is won by the artillery " his dismissal remains a subject of controversy.

Given the nature of Usenet forums, parodic translation is prevalent in flame wars, where remarks such as " Translation: ' I do not have a clue and am throwing mud '" are used to imply — on very little ground — that another poster is not making any appreciable contribution to the subject.

Given their subject matter and lurid approach, Fisher's films, though commercially successful, were largely dismissed by critics during his career.

Given that the subject was founded by structural functionalists ; concerned with organic cohesion and social solidarity, this view was somewhat groundless ( though it was Parsons who had introduced Durkheim to American audiences, and his interpretation has been criticized for a latent conservatism ).

Given the rules from NEC, it was a pretty sensitive subject, so direct references had to be changed ", explained Vic Ireland, who worked closely with the game's localization.

Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies.

Given the right combination of hypnotist and subject, hypnosis can be a lethal weapon.

Given the details with which Keyes writes about her subject matter, it is easy to forget her books are novels.