Given the elder Pei's history with the bank before the Communist takeover, government officials visited the 89-year-old man in New York to gain approval for his son's involvement.

Given the supposed closeness of war, the FI thought that the Communist Parties and social democratic parties would be the only significant force that could defend the workers of the world against the imperialist camp in those countries where there were mass forces.

Given one last chance by the bullying, intimidating Hunsecker, he schemes to plant a false rumor in a rival column that Dallas is a dope-smoking Communist, then encourages Hunsecker to rescue Dallas's reputation, certain that the headstrong boyfriend will reject Hunsecker's favor and end up looking bad to Susan.

Given the economic and social problems in the U. S. and the world in the 1920s and 1930s, many younger people, artists and intellectuals, had sympathy for the Communist cause and hoped that it could lead to better societies.

Given the code name Anna by the StB, he passed along classified information to the Communist government in Prague for five years, until his arrest in Bonn on October 31, 1960.

Given the closeness of Diego Rivera to the people involved, and the fact that the painting is said to slightly predate the murder, some consider it to be evidence of Vidali's and Rivera's involvement in Mella's assassination, also related to Rivera's subsequent expulsion from the Mexican Communist Party.

Given that Communist Romania was a police state, and unprecedented measures of strict control and surveillance were supposed to have been enforced in all areas of society ( phone calls were routinely monitored, correspondence was intercepted, and secret police informants were common ) a plan such as the one allegedly designed by the group would have been exceedingly difficult to carry out.

Given these costs, governments are sometimes hesitant to participate, because benefits are often assumed not to outweigh the costs.

Given the ( particularly modern ) prevalence of crowd events, and the potential safety issues associated with such large gatherings of people, the topic is receiving increasing attention from agencies responsible for crowd management and also from governments.

Given that many governments cannot be legally bound by a non-governmental document such as the World Anti-Doping Code, they are implementing it by individually ratifying the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport, the first global international treaty against doping in sport, which was unanimously adopted by 191 governments at the UNESCO General Conference in October 2005 and came into force in February 2007.

Given the prevalence of crowd events, and the potential safety issues associated with such large gatherings of people, the topic is receiving increasing attention from agencies responsible for crowd management and also from governments.

Given their historical ties, the Rwandan and Ugandan governments were closely allied and thus Museveni worked closely with Kagame throughout the First Congo War.

Given the powerful nature of the Phalanx, different individuals and governments attempted to experiment with the alien race.

Given worse public health and greater rurality, and in the case of Northern Ireland greater security concerns, it would appear that the devolved governments will continue to rely on above average levels of per capita expenditure.

Given that many less developed nations have gotten themselves into extensive debt to banks and governments from the rich nations, and given that the interest payments on these debts are often more than a country can generate per year in profits from exports, cancelling part or all of these debts may allow poor nations " to get out of the hole ".

Given the nature of transaction of service, it is being subjected to tax by the Union and the State governments both.

Given the experience of state governments in passing practicable legislation, the Central Government appointed a working group under H. D. Shourie and assigned it the task of drafting legislation.

Given this, the bidding is said to start at the one-level when contracting for a total of seven tricks, at the two-level for eight tricks and so on to the seven-level to contract to take all thirteen tricks.

Given that drug poisoning causes a large portion of patients in a coma, hospitals first test all comatose patients by observing pupil size and eye movement, through the vestibular-ocular reflex.

Given the rugged terrain of Ngazidja and Nzwani, and the dedication of extensive tracts to agriculture on all three islands, population pressures on Comoros are becoming increasingly critical.

Given the central role under the Constitution of the Soviet Union, the party controlled all tiers of government and social institutions in the Soviet Union.

Given any vector space V over a field F, the dual space V * is defined as the set of all linear maps ( linear functionals ).

Given a subset X of a manifold M and a subset Y of a manifold N, a function f: X → Y is said to be smooth if for all p in X there is a neighborhood of p and a smooth function g: U → N such that the restrictions agree ( note that g is an extension of f ).

* Given any set X, there is an equivalence relation over the set of all possible functions X → X.

Raymond also coined an aphorism he dubbed " Linus ' Law ", inspired by Linus Torvalds: " Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow ", that first appeared in The Cathedral and the Bazaar.

Given that the vast majority of all emeralds are treated as described above, and the fact that two stones that appear visually similar may actually be quite far apart in treatment level and therefore in value, a consumer considering a purchase of an expensive emerald is well advised to insist upon a treatment report from a reputable gemological laboratory.

Given Mountbatten's determination, Nehru and Patel's inability to deal with the Muslim League and lastly Jinnah's obstinacy, all Indian party leaders ( except Gandhi ) acquiesced to Jinnah's plan to divide India, which in turn eased Mountbatten's task.

Given that genes are universal to living organisms, genetics can be applied to the study of all living systems, from viruses and bacteria, through plants and domestic animals, to humans ( as in medical genetics ).

Given a groupoid in the category-theoretic sense, let G be the disjoint union of all of the sets G ( x, y ) ( i. e. the sets of morphisms from x to y ).

Given a field K, the corresponding general linear groupoid GL < sub >*</ sub >( K ) consists of all invertible matrices whose entries range over K. Matrix multiplication interprets composition.

Given a set S with a partial order ≤, an infinite descending chain is a chain V that is a subset of S upon which ≤ defines a total order such that V has no least element, that is, an element m such that for all elements n in V it holds that m ≤ n.

Given the tendency for real negotiations in Japan to be conducted privately ( in the nemawashi, or root binding, process of consensus building ), the shingikai often represented a fairly advanced stage in policy formulation in which relatively minor differences could be thrashed out and the resulting decisions couched in language acceptable to all.

Given that non-violence has priority, all other principles yield to it whenever there is a conflict.

Given a complete set of axioms ( see below for one such set ), modus ponens is sufficient to prove all other argument forms in propositional logic, and so we may think of them as derivative.

Given that spinning a Dyson Sphere would result in the atmosphere pooling around the equator, the Ringworld removes all the extraneous parts of the structure, leaving a spinning band landscaped on the sun-facing side, with the atmosphere and inhabitants kept in place through centrifugal force and 1000 mile high perimeter walls ( rim walls ).

Given the increasing number of scientists who study the nervous system, several prominent neuroscience organizations have been formed to provide a forum to all neuroscientists and educators.

Given a point x in a topological space, let N < sub > x </ sub > denote the set of all neighbourhoods containing x.

Given a base for the topology, in order to prove convergence of a net it is necessary and sufficient to prove that there exists some point x, such that ( x < sub > α </ sub >) is eventually in all members of the base containing this putative limit.

Given a class function G: V → V, there exists a unique transfinite sequence F: Ord → V ( where Ord is the class of all ordinals ) such that

Given the apparent magnitude (> 20 ) of all but the biggest trans-Neptunian objects, the physical studies are limited to the following:

Given a guaranteed halting language, the computable function which is produced by Cantor's diagonal argument on all computable functions in that language is not computable in that language.

Given a supervaluationist semantics, one can define the predicate ' supertrue ' as meaning " true on all precisifications ".